510 PHILOSOI'HICAL TRANSACTIONS. [aNNO 1779. 



incapacity of orangs, apes, and monkeys, to utter any modulated voice, as 

 indeed they never liave Ijeen observed to do. 



Explanutkn (if the Figures. — Fig. 1 , pi. 5, represents the pharynx of the Orang Outang, from which 

 theorgaijsof voice, tig 2 and -5, are delineated, adbc, the tongue fVuiu behind ; dbcm, the palatum 

 molle, on the back part of which the uvula bl is seen ; begiif, the pharj-nx, divided length waj's 

 in die middle from e to o ; kmj, the passage from the mouth into the oesophagus skgh ; witliin 

 this is seen the epiglottis and the glottis sluit by the arytenoid cartilages. 



Fig. '^ is tlie same organ of voice from the fore part, nop the os hyoides ; n and o the little 

 graniform bones ; p the left cornu ; qtu the thyroid cartilage j v tlie aspera arteria ; rs the left 

 ventricle entire ; w tlie right, cut open to see the orifice of tlie duct y from the bag. 



Fig. 3 is the back part of the tongue and the glottis of a monkey, ab die epiglottis ; abrg die root 

 and back part of the tongue ; cstd the oesophagus iaitl open ; u die aspera arteria ; fe the capitella of 

 "the arytenoid cartilages ; e the upper part or top of the little cartilage between the arytenoid cartilage 

 and the epiglottis, which he had likewise met with in men, but less prominent 3 if, die rima glot- 

 tidis ; pi the hole at the root of the epiglottis. 



Fig. 4 is the inside of the larynx in profile, abed die epiglottis ; e the cartilage mentioned in fig. 

 3 ; fh die arytenoid cartilage ; fg the capitellums forming a kind of crooked hook ; im the cord of 

 the glottis i ikh the lateral sinus above the rima glottidis, forming a pretty large ventricle in these 

 animals ; iml the cricoid cartilage , dno the ventricle, into which the air, coming tlirough the hole 

 at die root of the epiglottis, enters. 



Fig. 5 is the same larynx, represented in fig. 1, opened, to see the inner parts, a, the union of 

 the cords forming the rima glottidis ; abai the holes or orifices by which the air enters into the 2 ven. 

 tricles us and zx, fig. 2 ; bchd the right arytenoid cartilage, widi its capitellum d ; igf die left aryte- 

 noid cartilage ; fed die epiglottis ; ghkl the cricoid cai'tilage, divided and dilated ; kninl die wind- 

 pipe. 



Fig. 6, the fore part of the Orang, preserved entire in his museum. The skin of the neck and 

 the latissimi colli are laid open to show the ventricles, &c. abc the lower jaw-bone; ADAEthe 

 genio-hyoides ; fg the coniua of the os hyoides ; iii the thyroid cartilage ; k the cricoid; lm the 

 sub-maxillary glands ; acdefghb the large bladder formed by the union of die 2 ventricles, of which 

 if is a mark ; a and b, die 2 meatuses entering towards the inside of the larynx, between the thyroid 

 cartilage and the os hyoides. 



X/^. On the Effects of Lighhiing on Board the Alias. By Allen Cooper, Esq., 

 Master 0/ the Atlas East Indiaman. p. 1 00. 

 The morning and forenoon of the day of this accident, Dec. 31, 1778, were 

 clear and cold, with a strong dry wind from the n w. At 3 p. m. a squall from 

 the n. n. w. came with a violence scarcely credible, attended witii very heavy rain, 

 large hail, and the most severe lightning, which struck the main- mast head, 

 descended down the mast or its rigging, and entered the gun-deck near the main 

 hatchway. Those who were employed in letting down the sheet cable received 

 very smart shocks, and were witnesses to the tire going otit at several parts of 

 the ship, and to an explosion eiitia! to that (jf a well-cliarged cannon, accompa- 

 nied with a most sulphureous sntell, wliuh lasted all that day and night. It 

 was not till the squall abated that our atUiilion was called to the masts, when 



