t)34 I'HILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. [aNNO 1/80. 



months she had the small-pox in a very severe manner. Both the mother and 

 child were lately living at Epsom." 



Since we see then that it is very probable, that the small-pox may be caught 

 from the mother when she is infected, it may be asked, why does not this 

 happen oftener ? In answer to this we may suppose, that this is not so ready a 

 way as when the child is exposed to catch it after the birth, as we find too that a 

 difference can be produced after birth ; viz. inoculation is a much readier way of 

 catching it than what is called the natural way. It may also be said, that many 

 women who are with child, and have the small-pox during pregnancy, do not 

 recover ; therefore both mother and child die before the disease can have time to 

 produce eruptions on the child. Finally, in many of those cases, where the 

 mother recovers, there is sometimes produced a miscarriage, which also hinders 

 the infection from taking place in the child. However, many women go through 

 the whole disease, and the child shows no marks of the small-pox. 



Thus have I stated facts relative to the present subject, with some of the best 

 authorities on both sides of the question ; and shall now leave the reader to form 

 his own judgment. 



IX. A Short Extract from a Journal kept by C. P. Thunberg, M. D., during his 

 Voyage to, and Residence in, the Empire of Japan. From the Swedish, p. 143. 



Dr. T. was sent out by the directors of the Botanic Gardens at Amsterdam, 

 first to the Cape of Good Hope, and thence to Japan : in order to investigate 

 the natural history of those countries, and to send home seeds and living plants 

 of unknown kinds, for the use of their collections in Holland. At the first of 

 these places he resided 3 years ; and during that time had the good fortune to 

 observe and describe many new species both of animals and vegetables. In the 

 year 1775 he sailed from thence for Batavia, and after a short stay there, em- 

 barked on board a Dutch ship, called Stavenisse, bound for Japan, in company 

 with the Blyenburg. On the 21st of June, they passed Pulo Sapatoo, the coast 

 of China, and the island Formosa. Aug. 13th they made the land of Japan, 

 and the day after were off the harbour of Nagasacci, the only one in that em- 

 pire where foreign ships are allowed to anchor. 



They sailed into the harbour of Nagasacci with colours flying, and saluted 

 the Papenburg, the emperor's and empress's guard, and the town itself. During 

 this time there came on board 2 Over Banjoses, several interpreters, and inferior 

 officers, and some people belonging to the Dutch Factory. These Over Ban- 

 joses may be compared to the Mandarins of China : a place is prepared for them 

 on the ship's deck, and some of them (for they are frequently changed) must be 

 present when any thing is taken out of, or received into her. They inspect 



