x BIOLOGY 



simple on the surface, becomes more and more complex 

 as we examine the plant or animal more carefully, using 

 every means at oar disposal, scalpel and microtome, 

 stain and microscope. Thus this simple question leads 

 up to the first of the sub-sections of Biology 

 Morphology. 



In the second place Biology has to deal with the 

 function of the plant or animal what it does, how it 

 does it, why it does it or, in other words, Biology has 

 to explain the " particular go " of the organism. The 

 attempts to answer this have made another of the sub- 

 sciences Physiology. 



Moreover, Biology has to inquire into the development 

 not only of the individual, but of the race, and such 

 inquiries have formed the allied sciences of Ontogeny 

 and Phylogeny, or combining the two under one head- 

 ing, Geneology. 



And the last question it must try to answer is : how 

 have those living creatures come to be as they are ? 

 What have been the intrinsic and extrinsic factors in 

 their evolution ? The grasping and wrestling with this in 

 all its aspects has laid the foundations of the latest of 

 the sub-sciences ^Etiology. 



Biology, then, may be said to have four primary sub- 

 sciences Geneology, Morphology, Physiology, and 

 ^Etiology. 



The aim of this little book is to give to the reader 

 in language as free from technicalities as possible such 

 a grasp of the main facts of Biology as may form a 

 foundation for future reading. 



