THE BIOLOGY OF DAILY LIFE. 81 



It is indeed evident that the Law of Interchange 

 demands a similar ultimate analysis for the material 

 of which plants and animals are composed. As we 

 have seen in Chapter L, that portion of the mineral 

 world which is in such intimate relation to the vege- 

 table and animal kingdoms, as to form the immediate 

 environment of organisms of either kind, must also have 

 a similar ultimate composition. Two States, suppose, 

 which mutually and entirely depend upon each other, 

 existing solely upon the exchange, or rather inter- 

 change of commodities, and (suppose) at an equilibrium 

 of profit and loss. If we take the imports and exports 

 in each case and sum them up all together, the results 

 would be identical, though the articles included in 

 exports in one case would be imports in the other, and 

 vice versa. This very imperfectly represents the com- 

 plete mutual inter-dependence of the three kingdoms 

 of material Nature. 



But the term U Protoplasm" (TT^TOQ first, 7rAa<r<ro>, I 



form)* is clearly intended to imply that not only the 



* I give the meaning in Quain's " Anatomy" (Index). 

 Huxley's " Elem. Physiol," gives " 7rX<io-/xa," " workmanship." 

 Some critic, whose mind has not travelled beyond his lexicon, 

 may object that this ignores the distinction between " n-Xacrrj/s," 

 " the former," and " irXdvpa," " the thing formed." Perhaps 

 so. As a matter of fact the word is used in the sense I have 

 described, as I could easily and abundantly prove. If I were 

 writing to be misunderstood by philosophers instead of trying 

 to make a difficult subject as clear as I can to people of plain 

 common sense, I might use, instead of " forces," some term like 

 1 ' potencies," or put the whole expression thus "Materials 

 supplying also arrangements suited to the manifestation of 

 forces," 



The reader ought to be warned that the word " protoplasm" 

 is used in two very different senses. The following quotation 



G 



