SUMMER INDUSTRIES 



WE mean by industries those external activities which 

 are concerned with the sustenance and care and 

 development of life, or, in great part, with " production." 

 They are external activities, which operate directly on the 

 outer world, moving things about, changing matter and 

 energy from one form to another, bringing them into more 

 useful or, at any rate, more desirable shapes and arrange- 

 ments. Thus neither the beating of the heart nor thinking 

 can be called industries, though they are very important 

 activities, and the latter is very fatiguing. 



Industries, then, are concerned with getting hold of 

 things and powers, transforming them, storing them, 

 distributing them, and, in the case of man, exchanging 

 them. The prime aim of industry, even though it be 

 unconscious, is to sustain and develop life ; its external 

 result is always a product, or some change in the form, 

 position, availability, or utility of a product. Thus war 

 is not an industry, but weaving is ; eating is not an industry, 

 but hunting is ; courting is not an industry, but keeping 

 the home agoing is. So this biological study of industries 

 does not even touch on a number of very interesting animal 

 activities, such as wars and wanderings, courtships and 

 plays. 



A second and more difficult introductory note is 

 necessary. The activities and industries of animals are at 

 many different levels when considered from the point of 

 view of the associated mental and nervous control. We 



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