Man and Nature 



405 



minimum figure of $1,000,000,000 annually, the amount is 

 surely ample. Early awake to the danger from insect pests 

 Congress in 1854 appointed an entomologist, whose work was 

 at first conducted under direction of the Commissioner of 

 Patents, but upon the organization of the Department of 

 Agriculture in 1889 was embodied in the Division, now the 

 Bureau of Entomology. 



APPLES INFESTED WITH SAN JOSE SCALE 



From Quaintance, "The San Jose Scale and its Control," Farmers' 

 Bulletin, No. 650. 



Courtesy of the U. S. Bureau of Entomology. ' 



In the eighties the orange and lemon groves of California 

 were threatened with ruin by the innocent looking, but de- 

 structive scale insect, 9 to which we have already referred. 

 Soon the Bureau of Entomology had experts on the ground 

 learning all they could about the vicious stranger. In the 

 course of their studies they learned that the scale insects were 

 natives of Australia, whence they had been imported into 

 California on young orange trees in 1868. Now it occurred 



"The fluted scale. 



