CONTENTS xiii 



Lamp. Gases for Lighting. Natural Gas. Acetylene. 

 Electric Lighting. Lighting Fixtures. 



CHAPTER XIV 



ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS, AND MIXTURES . .... * . . 24(> 



Interrelation of the Sciences. How Matter is Changed. 

 Oxidation. Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures. The 

 Common Elements. Partial List of Elements. Metals. 

 - Iron. Copper. Mercury. Sodium. Silver. - 

 Gold. - Chlorine. Sulphur. Carbon. 



CHAPTER XV 



FUELS AND CARBON COMPOUNDS . . . ." . . 259 



Fuels. Wood. Coal. Hydrocarbons. Petroleum. 

 Flash Test. Alcohols. Sources of Fire. Apparatus 

 for Utilizing Fuels. Stoves. Carbon Dioxide. Prep- 

 aration of Carbon Dioxide. Properties and Uses of 

 Carbon Dioxide. Fermentation. Carbonates. 



CHAPTER XVI 



COMMON COMPOUNDS OF OTHER ELEMENTS .. . . . 272 



Classes of Compounds. Oxides. Acids. Uses of 

 Acids. Alkalies and Bases. Salts. Uses of Salts. 

 Electrolytes. Analysis of Chemicals. Iron. Copper. 

 Sodium. Sulphates. Chlorides. 



4 



CHAPTER XVII 



SOILS . . . : . . . . ... . . . 280 



The Crust of the Earth. Weathering. How Soil is 

 Made. Glaciated Soil. Composition of Soils. Table 

 Showing Mechanical Analysis of Soils. Names of Soils. 

 Importance of the Size of Soil Particles. Size of Soil 

 Particles in Relation to Temperature and Crops. Con- 

 servation of the Soil. Measure of Soil Values. Ferti- 

 lizers. Nitrogen as a Fertilizer. Potassium as a Ferti- 



