xiv CONTENTS 



lizer. - Phosphorus as a Fertilizer. Lime as a Fertilizer. 

 - How to Experiment with Fertilizer. Why We Cultivate. 



Dry Farming. 



CHAPTER XVIII 



SURFACE WATER, DRAINAGE, AND IRRIGATION . . . 299 



What Becomes of the Rainfall. Ground Water. 

 Work pf Ground Water. River Formation. Lakes and 

 Inland Seas. Work of Rivers. Erosion. Deposition. 



Soil Water. Regulation of the Amount of Soil Water. 

 Artificial Drainage. Irrigation. 



CHAPTER XIX 



PLANTS V. '.;'... . . . .-. . . . .. , . . . 315 



Properties of Living Matter. The Living Plant. Cells. 

 - Tissues. Organs. Multiplication of Cells. Flowers. 

 Pollination. Fertilization. Dispersal of Seeds. 

 Germination of Seeds. Roots. Stems. Leaves. 

 Starch Making by Leaves. Digestion in Plants. Flower- 

 less Plants. Algae. Fungi. Mosses and Ferns. 

 Distribution of Plants. 



CHAPTER XX 



PLANTS FROM AN ECONOMIC STANDPOINT 335 



The Value of Trees. Trees as a Protective Covering for 

 the Earth. Uses of Wood. Other Uses of Trees. Food 

 Plants. Textile Plants. Weeds. Plant Diseases. 

 Wheat Rust. Brown Rot. Pear. Blight. Mildews. - 

 Potato Scab. Chestnut Canker. Molds. Smuts. *. 

 Black Knot. Peach Leaf Curl. Yeast. 



CHAPTER XXI 



ANIMAL LIFE . . . 350 



Relation of Plants to Animals. One-celled Animals, 

 Amoeba. Division of Labor. Hydra. Worms. 

 Insects. Bees and Ants. Fishes. Amphibians. 

 Reptiles. Birds. Mammals. Animals Used as Food 



