116 GENERAL SCIENCE 



deepest artesian well is near Berlin. It is 4200 feet deep. 

 Near Kissengen, Germany, is an artesian well which is 

 1800 feet deep and throws a stream of water 58 feet high. 

 A large number of artesian wells exist in the United 

 States. 



QUESTIONS 



1. Calculate the pressure on an area 2 centimeters square on 

 the side of a vessel, the top of the area being 12 inches below the 

 surface of the water in the vessel. 



2. Find the force in pounds acting on the bottom of a box 10 

 inches long, 4 inches wide, and 5 inches deep, filled with water. 



. 3. A vessel in the shape of a cone is 10 inches high and has a 

 base of 12 square inches. What is the pressure on the base when 

 filled with water? 



4. In the above is the pressure on the base greater than the 

 force required to lift the cone? Why? 



5. In the second problem what would be the pressure if alcohol 

 were used instead of water, considering alcohol to be .8 as" heavy 

 as water? 



6. If the large piston of a hydraulic press has a diameter of 20 

 inches and the smaller piston a diameter of'l inch, what force 

 will be exerted by the large piston when a force of 5 pounds is 

 applied to the small piston? 



7. Why is artificial ice ordinarily purer than natural ice? 



Archimedes' Principle. Archimedes, a great scientist 

 and mathematician who lived in Syracuse, Sicily (287-212 

 B.C.), was the first person to announce the discovery that 

 a floating body displaces its own weight of the fluid and 

 that a body immersed in a fluid is buoyed up with a force 

 equal to the weight of the liquid displaced. 



The story is told that Hiero, the tyrant of Syracuse, 

 suspecting that the crown that he had had made was not 

 pure gold as specified, ordered Archimedes to discover 

 whether or not this were true. It was a great problem 

 for Archimedes to find a way to do this without destroy- 



