266 



GENERAL SCIENCE 



Apparatus for Utilizing Fuels. Most of the modern 

 fireplaces are built more for ornament than for use, but 

 it has been less than a hundred years since the fireplace 

 was the means of heating the home and cooking the food 

 (Figure 230). Of course the waste of heat in the fire- 

 place was large, but it was an excellent ventilator and 

 furnished a cheer that is absent in the modern methods of 

 heating. 



Stoves. - - There have been invented numerous stoves 

 which are designed to utilize fuels more economically 

 and more conveniently than the fireplace. Cooking 



stoves which burn coal 

 and wood are so con- 

 structed that the heated 

 gases pass in a round- 

 about way to the flues, 

 thus heating the ovens. 

 Gas stoves usually have 

 special heaters for the 

 ovens. 



Gasoline stoves are 

 really gas stoves. To 

 light a gasoline stove we must heat the vaporizer. 

 This is done by burning some gasoline in a cup be- 

 neath it. When the gasoline is allowed to enter the 

 heated vaporizer, it is changed to the gaseous form and 

 mixed with the air which is drawn in by the force 

 of the current of gasoline vapor. This mixture burns 

 with a very hot flame and is much used for cooking 

 purposes. 



Electric stoves are now being used in many ways for 

 heating and cooking and have many advantages. We 

 now have electric toasters, coffee percolators, flatirons, 



FIG. 231. Electric Flatiron. 



