GLOSSARY 421 



copper sulfate (blue vitriol) in 14.3 parts by weight of water. (Several 



hours are required for it to dissolve.) Mark this solution No i. 



Dissolve one part by weight of caustic soda and 1.081 parts of Ro- 



chelle salt in 3.12 parts by weight of water. Mark this solution 



No. 2. For use mix equal parts of i and 2. When it is heated with 



certain sugars, red cuprous oxide is formed, giving the characteristic 



red color for the sugar test. 

 Fer'ment, an agent capable of producing fermentation or chemical 



changes like those produced by yeast plants, diastase, bacteria, etc. 



(See diastase and enzyme.) 

 Func'tion, the use of any organ or part of an animal to the animal itself. 



The same application may be made to plants. 

 Fu'sion, the process of changing a solid to the liquid condition by 



means of heat. Some substances fuse at low temperatures and others 



at very high temperatures. 

 Gly'co gen, a white, tasteless carbohydrate, related to starch and 



dextrin sugar. It is found in the liver of animals and is sometimes 



called animal sugar, and animal starch. 

 Grafting wax, a wax used for holding grafting scions in position until 



they grow. To make it: Melt together one pound, of resin, one- 

 half pound of beeswax, one-fourth pound of tallow. Stir it for a few 



minutes while hot. Pour the mixture into cold water. Grease your 



hands and pull the wax until it has a straw color. 

 " High " on a weather map means that the barometers in that area 



read higher than those which are more distant from that center. 



Fair weather usually follows in an area marked " high." 

 Hu'mus, the decaying plant and animal matter of the soil. It usually 



gives the soil a dark color and is one of the principal sources of plant 



food. 

 I'o dine, a simple substance; an element blackish gray in color. It 



dissolves readily in alcohol and the solution is reddish violet in color. 



In dilute form it turns starch to a purple color. 

 Lime is made by heating limestone (CaCO 3 ) to a white heat for about 



two days in a limekiln to drive off the carbon dioxide. The solid 



matter taken from the limekiln is calcium oxide (CaO) or commercial 



unslaked lime. 

 Lime-sulphur spray, a spray made by boiling a mixture of quicklime 



and sulphur in water for an hour; 15 pounds of each to 50 gallons of 



water. 

 Linear, when applied to objects means long, slender ones which are 



comparatively uniform in width. Linear expansion refers to the 



expansion in the direction of length. 

 "Low" on a weather map means that the barometers in that area 



read lower than they do at points more distant from that center. 



Cloudy and rainy weather usually follow in a " low " area. 

 Mechanical advantage of a block-and-tackle is an even or odd number 



according to whether the rope is first fastened to the fixed or movable 



pulleys respectively. 



