456 ROOT CROPS 



cool weather of fall and continue until freezing weather kills the 

 tops. Early seedings should be drilled in rows, twenty to thirty 

 inches apart, afterward thinned and given clean culture until late 

 summer. Two to three pounds of seed per acre are required. 



Early flat turnips sown in late summer are usually broadcasted 

 on well-prepared land, and given no culture. 



Rutabagas usually yield about as well as mangels, in northern 

 climates, but where the summers are hot the mangles have an advan- 

 tage. Flat turnips yield only half or two-tnirds as much, but are 

 quick growing and may often be sown as a catch crop late in the 

 season. 



RAPE 



Rape is a large, broad-leaved plant from two to four feet high, 

 and is well suited for temporary pasturage or soiling. 



The form grown for forage is a biennial living over winter in 

 mild climates, as the Pacific Coast. The principal cultivated 

 variety is Dwarf Essex. 



Rape is best adapted to a region of cool summers, and will endure 

 heavy frost in the fall. Rape makes an excellent pasture for sheep 

 or hogs, and for this purpose is best sown in drills twenty inches 

 apart. The animals will walk between the drill rows and not tramp 

 it out as when broadcast. Rape is frequently sown with small grain 

 at the rate of three pounds per acre and harrowed in, but preferably 

 after the grain is well started, as it will sometimes grow too fast for 

 the grain. After harvest the rape makes a rapid growth and will 

 furnish excellent fall pasture. 



CARROTS 



Carrots are about as productive as beets or turnips, but, being 

 slower starting and smaller, require more care in early growth. 



They may be classed according to color as red, orange, yellow, or 

 white, while the roots vary from slender to short and thick, and may 

 be either tapering or cylindrical. Carrots grow on any productive 

 soil. The cultural methods are about the same as for beets or 

 turnips. 



