TYPHOID AND PARATYPHOID FEVER 159 



from the proteose injections. His mortality was only % per cent.; 

 he experienced no prostration or hemorrhage of moment in the en- 

 tire series. The average duration of the disease was 10 days. Nat- 

 urally the earlier the cases came to treatment, the more apparent 

 and satisfactory were the results. During the course of his experi- 

 ence he used ovalbumin, adrenalin, typhoid convalescent serum, horse 

 serum and pleural exudate intravenously, but for general use he ob- 

 tained the most satisfactory results with the proteose. 



Jobling and the writer treated a series of typhoid cases with a 

 secondary proteose preparation, some of which were reported in a pa- 

 per published in 1916, and Miller and Lusk, and Miller reported on 

 the treatment of typhoid fever both with typhoid vaccine, with prote- 

 oses and with pollen extract. Nolf has also used peptone in typhoid 

 fever with satisfactory results. 



In 1916 Schmidt, Luithlen, Saxl, Bruck and Kiralihyda, Miiller 

 and Weiss, introduced intramuscular milk injections. Two factors 

 tended to popularize this agent the relative ease of administration 

 (intravenous injections being at times more or less formidable) and 

 the availability of milk so that for the past three years one finds 

 perhaps most of the reports on the effects of nonspecific therapy based 

 on experience gained with milk injections. Saxl, Bruck and Kirali- 

 hyda at first reported on the use of milk on gonorrheal complica- 

 tions, but Saxl shortly reported on 26 cases of typhoid fever treated 

 with injections of this kind. In almost all cases, after an initial 

 temperature increase that persisted for about two days, the tempera- 

 ture came to a normal level by lysis. Corinaldesi gave intravenous 

 injections of 1 c.c. of a 2 or 4 per cent, solution of deutero-albumose 

 in a case of typhoid and one of paratyphoid, according to Liidke's 

 technic. No benefit was apparent. Then he tried intramuscular in- 

 jections of 5 or 10 c.c. of sterilized milk in five patients with lobar 

 or bronchopneumonia or typhoid and was astonished at the prompt 

 and permanent improvement that followed one, two or three injec- 

 tions, without disturbances or much local reaction. There was only 

 rarely a slight chill and it was mild. His findings thus confirm the 

 way in which parenteral introduction of some protein substance is 

 able to stimulate the defensive forces and aid in the throwing off of the 

 disease, irrespective of the nature of the protein injected. 



Galambos made an effort to determine which of these agents 

 so far described might be of greatest value. In a series of 136 cases 

 he used deutero-albumose, vaccines (colon, gonococcus and staphylo- 

 coccus) and salt solution. In 25 cases treated with injections of 1 c.c. 

 of a 4% solution of deutero-albumose he obtained a critical drop in 

 the temperature in 50% of the cases. Vaccines seemed much less 

 effective; more and repeated injections had to be given in order to 

 obtain the same result. The dosage varied, about 25 million of colon 



