166 PROTEIN THERAPY 



line, while Parlovecchio found, as had Chantemesse, that the injec- 

 tion of nucleins increased the agglutinin and alexin titer. Ardin- 

 Delteil, Negre and Raynaud have also reported increase of agglutinins 

 and bactericidal substances in serum after nonspecific injections. 

 Other procedures include the stimulation of the sympathetics (Stuber), 

 the injection of alcohol (Friedberger) , arsenic (Agazzi), salvarsan 

 (Friedberger and Masuda), blood-letting (Friedberger and Dorner), 

 all of which are followed by an increase in antibody titer. 



It seems very probable that when the cells have become im- 

 munized during the course of the disease, a certain number of re- 

 ceptors are available but have not been shed. These are possibly 

 mobilized when nonspecific injections are made. 



In a previous chapter the possible mechanism that underlies the re- 

 covery in typhoid fever by means of nonspecific therapy has been 

 fully discussed, so that it will not be necessary to again enter into 

 the subject here. 



A number of interesting questions present themselves, however, 

 as a result of clinical observation in more recent years concerning 

 the normal recovery from typhoid fever. In persons who have been 

 previously sensitized or immunized the course of the disease is fre- 

 quently more stormy and somewhat shortened while the difference 

 in the mortality may not be great as contrasted with the unvaccinated. 

 On the other hand we know that recovery can take place without 

 the appearance of antibodies in the blood stream, as Moreschi has 

 demonstrated in leukemia. Certainly the presence or absence of the 

 antibodies can no longer be made responsible for the clinical course 

 of the disease. 



On the other hand the period of defervescence with its great varia- 

 tions in the daily temperature curve is very suggestive of the reaction 

 of the organism to nonspecific injections. One can conceive that the 

 daily accumulation of toxic proteins produces a summation of toxic 

 effects with a resulting effect on the temperature curve. After the 

 "shock" effect has passed the remission with its alteration in perme- 

 ability and cellular stimulation, sets in and as the process is kept 

 up the organism gradually becomes resistant to the intoxication un- 

 til finally defervescence is complete. The study of Aller would rather 

 confirm this conception; he presents a number of interesting examples 

 which cannot be discussed in detail at this place. Holler's work 

 would lead one to suspect such a basis for the normal mechanism 

 of recovery for when he injected his proteoses in daily small doses 

 similar temperature effects were achieved and the patient was soon 

 completely afebrile. Liidke has recently expressed this same view. 



So, too, one can observe a variety of modifications of the tempera- 

 ture curve even after a single nonspecific injection. The crisis may 

 be prompt and complete. In other cases where a continuous high 



