194 PROTEIN THERAPY 



abscess until the disease is subsiding (apyrexia), and then to make an 

 ample incision and clear out the abscess thoroughly. 



Niemeyer has used intravenous injections of gelatin, but only in a 

 few cases. 



Milk has been used by a number of clinicians. Von den Velden 

 treated about 90 cases with serum, as well as milk, with results which 

 he claims were very satisfactory. Of the milk 10 to 20 c.c. were 

 injected intramuscularly two or three times during the course of the 

 disease. Miinzer and Ptitz also found that milk injections favor- 

 ably influenced the disease. Patschkowski treated 40 cases of in- 

 fluenzal pneumonia with milk injections (10 c.c.). Repeated injec- 

 tions were given if the effect was not sufficient after the first dose. 

 In this series 8 patients died. He observed that the typical reaction 

 of increased fever and a chill were often lacking when the injections 

 were made in such pneumonic patients. Zalewski and Miiller re- 

 port very favorable results after the injection of aolan, a milk prepara- 

 tion that is not followed by a severe reaction. 



Serums. Diphtheria Antitoxin was repeatedly given a trial. 

 Kautsky used injections of about 3,000 units and claims good results. 

 Vaubel used injections of 1 c.c. in 20 cases with favorable results. 

 Bettinger treated 18 cases with satisfactory results and Lustig treated 

 100 cases, all of which had pulmonary complications, with injections of 

 10 c.c. of antitoxin. The results were very satisfactory as contrasted 

 with untreated cases in the same clinic. Crohn also reports 17 cases 

 so treated. There were all uncomplicated influenza. 



Antistreptococcus Serum was employed by Hughes and also by 

 Grote. The latter treated some 40 cases with antistreptococcus serum, 

 horse serum and convalescent serum and Maale has reported similar 

 results. Friedemann has used a polyvalent serum in 20 cases and 

 considered the effect favorable. 



Normal Serum and Convalescent Serum have found extended em- 

 ployment, and seemingly with satisfactory clinical results. Reiss used 

 normal serum, convalescent serum, normal horse serum and diph- 

 theria antitoxin, injecting from 20 to 200 c.c. intravenously with 

 excellent results. The temperature usually fell within 36 to 48 hours. 

 Grigant and Montier made use of the plasma serum of Richet a mixed 

 rabbit plasma and human serum which when injected early in the 

 course of the disease was followed by satisfactory results. Other 

 clinical observations have been reported by Pfeiffer and Prausnitz; 

 Brodin, Lesne and Saint-Girons, Aguirre, Ehrenberg and Bachmann, 

 Huff-Hewitt; Francis, Hall and Gaines; Hoist; Ross and Hund, 

 Luithlen and Winterberg, Bogardus, Pauly, Redden, Foldes and 

 Hajos, O'Malley and Hartman, Stoll, Liebmann and others. 



Vaccines. While a considerable number of observers have used 

 specific vaccines as therapeutic agents, the reaction from the injec- 

 tion of influenza bacilli is not very marked and the nonspecific effect 



