INFECTIOUS DISEASES 195 



therefore not pronounced. Gow, for instance, has injected 75 million 

 or more organisms intravenously without producing a chill, but did 

 observe a temperature rise of 2 F. after three hours. There is little 

 leukocytosis to be observed from such injections. J. Black Milne 

 has reported on the use of mixed vaccines and Snyder has treated 20 

 cases with intravenous injections of typhoid vaccine. There were 

 no deaths in the series and Snyder considered the method of decided 

 value. Cowie and Beaven have also used typhoid vaccine in the 

 treatment of pneumonia but consider it of value only in the early 

 stages of the disease. An extensive series of 200 cases has been re- 

 ported by Roberts and Gary who employed a vaccine made up of 100 

 million organisms per cubic cm. of each of the following: influenza 

 bacilli, pneumococci, staphylococci and streptococci. Of this vaccine 

 they injected from 0.5 to 1 c.c. intravenously. In their series so 

 treated there was no evidence of injury to the patients in any way. 

 The mortality of the treated cases was 9.5% ; in a series of 86 pa- 

 tients not treated with vaccine the mortality was 31.2%. In the 

 treated series 36% recovered by crisis, in the untreated series 20% 

 so recovered. 



Muck's Vaccine. Much, Schmidt and Peemoller have reported 

 on the use of a nonspecific vaccine made up as follows: Reactive 

 proteins derived from a number of nonpathogenic bacteria; a lipoid 

 mixture from bile and a fat mixture of animal origin. This so-called 

 "immunvollvaccine" was elaborated on the basis of the "partial anti- 

 gen" theory of Much's. They report satisfactory results with the 

 vaccine in the treatment of influenza. 



Hypertonic Salt Solution. Borchardt and Ladwig have reported 

 that they obtained good results following the intravenous injection 

 of small amounts of salt solution (5-10%), as well as with con- 

 valescent serum. Their cases numbered 98; they remark particularly 

 on the detoxication evident in the more severe cases. 



Albumoses. Ten severe cases of influenza were treated by Liidke 

 with albumose injections. In 5 of them an immediate effect of a 

 single injection was apparent the patients recovering by crisis. In 

 2 cases pneumonia developed together with empyema. Both made 

 protracted recoveries. In 3 cases the temperature came down only 

 after a number of injections. 



LETHARGIC ENCEPHALITIS 



Laubie and Marinesco report the rapid recovery of patients ill 

 with lethargic encephalitis following intraspinal injections of tetanus 

 antitoxin. Brill has also used spinal injections of serum. Grunwald 

 has injected from 80 to 100 c.c. of convalescent serum intragluteally in 

 cases of lethargic encephalitis. The effect on the temperature and 

 pulse rate was prompt, lysis occurring in 3 days after the injection. 



