DISEASES OF THE EYE 239 



diminished. The primary effect of the injections was a chemosis 

 after which the evidences of inflammation rapidly diminished. Ulcers 

 of the cornea were prevented; if already present they were arrested; 

 Liebermann observed only one corneal perforation in his entire series 

 of about 100 cases. Liebermann made use of injections of a manganese 

 colloid with excellent results. 



The most extensive treatise on the subject has been published by 

 Uddgren at Stockholm, while other Scandinavian oculists have re- 

 ported conflicting results Lundsgaard, Andersen, etc. Uddgren used 

 milk injections (sterile milk, boiled, with very little reaction on the 

 part of the patient) in about 100 cases of eye diseases. The results 

 were as follows: 



Conjunctivitis czstivalis. Three cases. Prompt recovery. 



Trachoma. Three cases. Improved. 



Conjunctivitis phlyctenulosa. Fifteen cases. All improved, subjec- 

 tively as well as objectively. 



Keratitis parenchymatosa. Fifteen cases. Of these twelve positively 

 luetic, the others probably tuberculous. Results inconclusive. 



Keratitis profunda. Five cases. Four cured; the fifth case had a re- 

 lapse after three months panophthalmitis. 



Maculae cornece. Twenty -four cases. Improved vision in some cases; 

 in a few of these the result was not permanent. 



Scleritis and ScleroJceratitis. Seven cases. Without specific therapy 

 the milk injections result in only transient improvement. Combined with 

 specific therapy Uddgren obtained good results. 



Iritis and Iridocyclitis. Eight acute cases. Cured or much improved. 

 Four subacute. Improved. Four chronic plastic type. Improved. 



Opacitates corp. vitr. Eleven cases. Stimulating and resorbing effect 

 of the injections marked in some cases. 



Ablatio retina. Three cases. No permanent improvement. 



Ocular nerve lesions. Neuritis improved and in some cases complete 

 cure. Atrophy of nerve not improved in single case injected. 



Paresis N. abducent. Two cases. Recovery accelerated. 



Chevallier has used collargol intravenously in cases of septic iritis 

 and in keratitis with good results, while Boyd has reported good results 

 by using typhoid vaccine intravenously in cases of iritis. Zimmer- 

 mann (Chas.) has reported two cases of corneal infiltrations which 

 improved after milk injections. 



Veach has recently contributed some experimental data concern- 

 ing the value of nonspecific therapy in ocular infections due to idio- 

 pathic origin. Reber has in his classification observed that iritis is 

 usually due to one of 5 organisms the spirochete, the tubercle bacil- 

 lus, the gonococcus, the pneumococcus and the influenza bacillus. 

 The spirochete is responsible for some 30 to 60% of these. Assuming 

 that we have sufficiently satisfactory therapy for all these specific in- 

 fections, there still remain a large number in which our therapy i 



