22 



PROTOZOA AND DISEASE 



retract and enter the resting stages g and h, assuming an appearance 

 that recalls the Leishmann bodies of tropical splenomegaly (see 

 Chapter IV. of this volume). 



The importance of these observations of Schaudinn's is best 

 realized when we remember that up to the time of the appearance 

 of his paper all spirochsetse were thought to be bacteria like the 

 common spirilla. The training of the eye, as Schaudinn expressed 

 it, that this study afforded, enabled him to discover pale spirochaetae in 



FIG. 5. DIFFERENT STAGES OF SPIROCH^ETA ZIEMANNI (ASEXUAL MODI- 

 FICATION) IN THE BODY OF THE GNAT. 



a, Isolated spirochceta highly magnified ; b, spirochaeta undergoing binary longi- 

 tudinal division ; c, the pair resulting from b still attached by their hinder 

 ends ; ^, similar to c, but each individual of the adhering pair undergoing 

 division of nucleus and blepharoplast preparatory to further subdivision ; 

 e, later stage of d \ f, small spirochasta ; g, resting stage of/; //, resting stage 

 of e ; i and k, agglomeration rosettes of individuals of different sizes. 



the juice of syphilitic tissues. It also led him to regard Spirillum 

 Obermeieri, the organism of relapsing fever, as a protozoon. This 

 subject is now being examined, and has become greatly extended, all 

 the so-called spirillar diseases, or spirilloses, such as that common in 

 birds, being under review; also some human fevers that follow the 

 bites of certain ticks are suspected of being due to spirochaetes. 



This matter is so important that the issue may be thus recapitu- 

 lated : It is uncertain whether the spiral motile organisms associated 



