66 PROTOZOA AND DISEASE 



persons suffering from secondary syphilis, Dr. W. E. de Korte 1 care- 

 fully examined the blood and various lesions for any other bodies, and 

 found some very striking structures in the blood, the chancre, and con- 

 dyloma, as described by him in 1906. I have had an opportunity of 

 seeing these bodies, and I do not think they can be anything 

 but protozoa. Some of them are very like the structure shown in 

 Fig. 15, 5, of this work, except that a zone of pigment surrounds the 

 central globular space. The fact that many of them are pigmented 

 recalls the structures described in syphilis, cancer, and sarcoma by 

 the late Professor Max Schliller 2 in 1900. The whole subject demands 

 disinterested and broad-minded revision. More care is required on 

 the part of different writers to indicate what relations the bodies they 

 describe have to those previously described by other authors. I have 

 done this as far as possible for my own work, and I have also indicated 

 the bearing of the new on the older pathology of Virchow. 



Experimental Syphilis in Animals. In 1904 Metchnikoff and 

 Roux 3 inoculated chimpanzees with syphilis, and found that the 

 disease ran a typical clinical course. Spironemata were found in the 

 lesions, and after the death of one of the animals the lesions were 

 found by Arnal and Salmon to have a structure characteristic of 

 syphilis. In England this observation has been repeated by 

 Griinbaum and Smedley. 4 Only the anthropoid apes, chimpanzee 

 and gibbon, have been found to give the full clinical picture of syphilis, 

 but other apes lower in the scale were made to take the disease in 

 a modified form. More recently, E. Hoffmann and W. Briining 5 have 

 found that a dog's eye began to react sixteen days after inoculation 

 from a chancre, and a second dog's eye was successfully inoculated 

 from the infected eye of the first dog. After enucleation the eye of 

 the second dog was found to contain typical Spironemata luis. The 

 same authors confirm Bertarelli's observation that the rabbit's eye 

 reacts to syphilis in a similar way to that they observed in dogs. 



1 W. E. de Kortd, Practitioner, June, 1906. 



2 Max Schiiller, Cent.fiir Bakt., 1900, p. 516, and 1904, p. 547. 



3 Metchnikoff and Roux, Ann. de VInst. Pasteur, 1903-1906, etc. 



4 A. S. Griinbaum and R. D. Smedley, Brit. Med. Journ., March 17, 1906. 

 6 E. Hoffmann and W. Briining, Deittsch. Med. Woch., April 4, 1907. 



