INTRODUCTION. 







X. Polygalaceae. Perianth very irregular. Stamens 8, in two parcels ; 

 petals united with them. Capsule 2-celled. 



XI. Frankeniaceae. As in Caryophyllaceae, except the parietal pla- 

 centas. 



*** Ovary syncarpous. Placentas axile. 



XII. Caryophyllaceae. Leaves opposite, entire. Flowers regular. 

 Stamens definite. Capsule 1-celled, with a free central placenta. 



XIII. Portulaceae. As in Caryophyllaceae, but only 2 sepals and 5 

 or more petals. 



XIV. Tarn ariscin ese. Shrubs with alternate green scale-like leaves. 

 Flowers regular. Capsule 1-celled. Seeds with a tuft of wool. 



XV. Elatinaceae. As in the Pink family, but the capsule divided into 

 cells. 



XVI. Hypericineae. Leaves opposite. Flowers regular. Sepals im- 

 bricate. Flowers indefinite, in 3 or 5 clusters or bundles. 



XVII. Linaceae. Leaves entire. Petals convolute, distinct. Sta- 

 mens definite. Capsule separating into carpels without leaving a cen- 

 tral axis. 



XVIII. Malvaceae. Sepals valvate. Petals convolute, adhering at 

 the base to the staminal tube. Stamens indefinite, monadelphus, with 

 1-celled anthers. 



XIX. Tiliaceae. Trees. Sepals valvate. Petals free. Stamens in- 

 definite. 



XX. Geraniaceae. Petals convolute or very irregular. Stamens 

 definite. Capsule with several cells and lobes round a persistent 

 central axis. 



XXI. Aceraceae (genus or tribe of Sapindacece). Trees. Leaves 

 opposite. Stamens definite, but seldom isomerous. Fruit separating 

 into 2 (rarely 3) winged nuts. 



Subclass 2. CALYCIFLOR^. Petals usually distinct, and stamens 

 perigynous or epigynous. [Exceptions. The petals are absent in some 

 Rosaceae, Onagraceae, Lytharieae, Saxifragaceae, Halorageae. and Loran- 

 thaceae. The petals cohere more or less in some Aquifoliaceas, Cu- 

 curbitaceae and Crassulaceae. The stamens are hypogynous in some 

 Saxifragaceae, in Droseraceae, and are epipetalous in some Crassulaceae.] 



* Stamens and petals mostly perigynous (except in the Crassulacece, 

 Cucurbitacece, and Ribesiacece families). 



XXII. Aquifoliaceae. Shrubs or trees with small flowers. Petals 

 shortly united at the base. Stamens alternating with them. No disk. 

 Ovary syncarpous, free. 



XXIII. Celastracese. Shrubs or trees, with small regular green 

 flowers. Stamens alternating with the petals, on a disk lining the 

 base of the calyx. 



XXIV. Rhamnaceae. As in Celastraceae, but the stamens are opposite 

 the small concave or scale-like petals. 



XXV. Papilionaceae (a tribe of Leguminosae). Flowers very irregular, 

 papilionaceous. Stamens 10, all, or 9 of them, combined. Ovary of one 

 carpel. 



XXVI. Rosaceae. Flowers regular. Stamens indefinite. Ovary (at 

 least when young) apocarpous. 



