Rubu*.] 3t*Vi. ROSACES. 136 



5. R. ChameBmorus, Linn. (fig. 311). Cloudberry. Rootstock creep- 

 ing. Stems simple, herbaceous, unarmed, seldom above 6 inches high. 

 Lower stipules entire, in a short sheath, without leaves ; upper ones 

 distinct, small, and ovate. Leaves few, rather large, simple, broadly 

 orbicular or reniform, toothed, and often more or less deeply cut into 

 5, 7, or 9 broad lobes. Flowers white, rather large, solitary on terminal 

 peduncles. Fruit rather large, of an orange red. 



In turfy bogs, in northern Europe, Asia, and America, generally at 

 high latitudes, but descending southwards into northern Germany. 

 Abundant on some of the Scotch mountains, and extends also into 

 northern England and Wales ; very rare in Ireland, and found in the 

 north only. Fl. summer. 



VI. FRAGAEIA. STRAWBERRY. 



Habit, foliage, and flowers of Potentilla, but the fruit is succulent, 

 formed of the enlarged succulent receptacle, studded on the outside 

 with the numerous minute 1- seeded carpels, looking like seeds. 



A genus spread over nearly the whole of the northern hemisphere 

 without the tropics, where it consists perhaps but of a single species, 

 and represented again by a nearly allied but possibly distinct species 

 in southern extra-tropical America, and by another in the Himalaya. 



1. F. vesca, Linn. (fig. 312). Strawberry. A short, perennial, tufted 

 stock emits slender runners, rooting and forming new plants at every 

 node. Leaves mostly radical, more or less clothed with soft, silky hairs, 

 consisting of 3 ovate, toothed leaflets at the end of a long leafstalk. 

 Flower-stems radical, erect, leafless, or with 1 or 2 usually undivided 

 leaves, 3 to 6 inches high or rarely more, bearing a small number of 

 pedicellate white flowers. Fruit usually red. 



In woods, bushy pastures, and under hedges, throughout Europe and 

 Russian and central Asia and in northern America, extending to the 

 Arctic regions. Abundant in Britain. Fl. nearly the whole season. The 

 hautboy, a rather taller variety, with fewer runners and flowers, usually 

 entirely or partially unisexual, and fruit without carpels round its base, 

 has been distinguished as a species under the name of F. elatior, Ehrh. ; 

 and several other wild or cultivated varieties have been proposed as 

 species, but the great facility with which fertile cross-breeds are pro- 

 duced gives reason to suspect that almost the whole genus, including even 

 the Chilian Pine Strawberry, may prove to consist but of one species. 



VII. POTENTILLA. POTENTIL. 



Herbs, with a perennial, tufted stock, and occasionally a creeping 

 rootstock or runners. Flowering stems usually annual, often very 

 short, rarely perennial or partially shrubby. Leaves of 3 or more digi- 

 tate or pinnate, distinct segments or leaflets. Peduncles 1 -flowered, 

 solitary, or forming a dichotomous cyme at the ends of the stem. Calyx 

 free, double, that is, of twice as many divisions as there are petals, the 

 alternate ones outside the others, and usually smaller. Petals 5 or 

 rarely 4. Stamens numerous. Carpels numerous, small, 1 -seeded and 

 seed-like, crowded on a receptacle which enlarges but slightly, and 

 rarely becomes spongy, never succulent. 



