182 THE UMBELLATE FAMILY. [Sison. 



flowers on short pedicels. Involucres of very few, linear bracts, those 

 of the partial umbels smaller, and often turned to one side. Fruit 

 scarcely above a line long, rather broader than long. 



In hedges and thickets, chiefly in western Europe, not reaching the 

 Rhine in central Europe, but spread here and there much further east- 

 ward in the Mediterranean region. In Britain, frequent in southern 

 England ; more rare in the north, not penetrating into Scotland, and 

 not recorded from Ireland. Fl. summer. 



VIII. TRINIA. TRINIA. . 



Leaves dissected. Umbels compound, without involucres, or with a 

 single bract. Flowers dioecious. Petals entire, with an inflected point. 

 Fruit short, somewhat laterally compressed, without visible calycine 

 teeth. Carpels ovoid, with 5 prominent ribs, and single vittas under 

 or within the ribs themselves, not under the interstices as in most 

 Umbelliferce. 



A very small genus, chiefly south European and west Asiatic, with a 

 peculiar habit, and differing from Apium chiefly in the dioecious flowers, 

 and the position of the vittas of the fruit. 



1. T. vulgaris, DC. (fig. 408). Common Trinia. Stock perennial, 

 short and thick, almost woody, forming a tap root at its base. Stems 

 annual, erect, stiff and angular, with numerous spreading branches, 6 

 inches to near a foot high, the whole plant glabrous, with a glaucous 

 hue. Leaves finely cut into stiff, narrow-linear or subulate segments ; 

 the radical ones twice pinnate, with ternate, entire segments, 3 to 6 

 lines long, the upper ones twice or only once ternate. Umbels small 

 and numerous, on slender peduncles, forming a loose panicle, each with 

 4 to 6 rays. Flowers white, the males with much narrower petals than 

 the females. Pimpinella dioica, Sm. 



In dry, arid, and stony wastes, chiefly in limestone districts, in 

 western and southern Europe, to the Caucasus, scarcely extending into 

 central Germany. Rare in Britain, and confined to South Devon and 

 North Somerset. Fl. spring or early summer. 



IX. JBGOPODIUM. GOUTWEED. 



Leaves dissected. Umbels compound, without any involucres. Petals 

 broad, notched, with an inflected point. Fruit ovoid-oblong, somewhat 

 laterally compressed, without visible calycine teeth. Carpels with 6 

 slender ribs and no vittas. 



A single species, differing from Carum in habit and in the absence of 

 vittas. 



1. -2E. Podagraria, Linn. (fig. 409). Goutweed, Bishopweed, Herb 

 Gerard. A coarse, erect, glabrous perennial, 1$ to 2 feet high, with a 

 creeping rootstock. Radical leaves on long stalks, twice ternate ; the 

 segments ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, sharply toothed, 2 to 3 inches long, 

 the terminal ones rounded at the base, the lateral ones obliquely cor- 

 date, or sometimes lobed. Stem-leaves few, less divided, with smaller 

 segments. Umbels rather large, with 12 to 20 or even more rays, with 

 numerous white flowers. Fruit about 2 lines long, the styles closely 

 deflected upon it. 



