XLIII. COMPOSITE. 228 



Florets all ligulate (LIGULAT*) 38 



Florets all tubular 2 



Florets tubular in the disk or centre of each head, the outer ones either ligulate 

 and forming a ray, or slender and filiform (CORYMBIFER^E) .... 5 

 Involucre or leaves prickly. Style slightly bulbous under the branches (CTNA- 



ROIDE^E) 30 



Involucre and leaves not prickly 3 



Florets purple, blue, or white 4 



Florets yellow or greenish, usually small (CORYMBIFER) 5 



A Leaves opposite 1. EUPATORIUM. 



\ Leaves alternate or radical (CYNAROIDE^E) .30 



CORYMBIFER.K 



./Leaves opposite 6 



\ Leaves alternate or radical 7 



( Flower-heads small, numerous, purple. Pappus of many hairs 1. EUPATORIUM. 

 6-1 Flower heads few, rather large, yellow. Pappus of a few 



bristles 11. BIDEKS. 



Flower discoid, that is, all the florets of the head tubular or filiform, the outer 



not longer than the central ones 8 



Flowers radiate, the outer florets ligulate and spreading, or, if erect, longer than 



the central ones 19 



Achenes without a pappus, or crowned by a small cup or short scales . . 9 



Achenes bearing a pappus of hairs 12 



Flower-heads monoecious, the males with many tubular florets, the females 

 forming a thick burr, ending in 2 conical beaks, and enclosing 2 flowers. 



10. XANTHIUM. 



Flower-heads all alike 10 



Receptacle bearing scales between the florets. Plant covered with a dense 



white cotton. Leaves entire or toothed 16. DIOTIS. 



No scales between the florets. Leaves, at least the lower ones, much divided 11 

 Flower-heads hemispherical, 3 or 4 lines in diameter, in a large terminal corymb. 



Achenes angular, with a flat top 17. TANACETUW. 



Flower-heads small, often nodding, in a leafy raceme or panicle. Achenes 



obovate, contracted at the top 18. ARTEMISIA. 



Bracts of the involucre linear, equal in length, with a few very small outer 



ones 13 



Bracts of the involucre imbricated in 2 or more rows 14 



( Radical leaves large, broadly heart-shaped or orbicular. Stem-leaves small and 



13 1 narrow 19. TUSSILAOO. 



( Leaves pinnate and toothed 20. SENECIO. 



( Plants more or less covered with a white cotton or down. Involucral bracts also 

 14 1 cottony, or shining and scarious, or coloured at the edge . . . .15 



( Plants not woolly. Involucral bracts narrow and green 17 



I Flower-heads dioecious. Involucral bracts with spreading tips, at least in the 



15 < males 8. ANTENNARIA. 



( Flower-heads all with tubular florets in the centre. Involucres not spreading 16 



lfi / A row of scales within the outer row of florets 6. FILAGO. 



1 \ Receptacle entirely without scales 7. GNAPHALIUM. 



( All the florets tubular and 5-toothed 2. ASTER. 



17 4 Outer florets of the head linear or filiform, although not longer than the cen- 



( tral ones 18 



( Tall stiff plant. Flower-heads ovoid, in a terminal corymb . 9. INULA Conysa. 



18 < Flower-heads numerous and small, in a long leafy panicle. 



( 9. ERIOERON eanadente. 



Achenes without any pappus, or crowned by a small cup or minute scales . 20 



Achenes bearing a pappus of hairs 24 



Receptacle bearing scales between the florets, at least among the central ones 21 



Receptacle naked (without scales between the florets) 22 



, Flower-heads rather large, with a convex or conical receptacle 14. ANTHEMIS. 

 Flower-heads small, with a small flat receptacle. . . .15. ACHILLEA. 



Involucral bracts all green and of equal length 5. BEI.LIS. 



Involucral bracts imbricated and scarious at the edges 23 



Receptacle flat or convex 12. CHRYSANTHEMUM. 



Receptacle conical, much elongated as the fruit ripens . . 13. MATJUCAKIA. 



