224 THE COMPOSITE FAMILY. 



24 / Ray purple or blue . .25 



\ Ray yellow 26 



( Involucral bracts and florets of the ray not numerous, oblong-linear 2. ASTER. 



25 < Involucral bracts and florets of the ray very numerous and narrow. 



( 8. ERTOERON. 



26 / Involucral bracts linear, equal in length, or with a few very small outer ones 27 

 \ Involucral bracts imbricated in 2 or more rows 29 



(Radical leaves large, broadly heart-shaped or orbicular, distinct from the flower- 

 ing stem. Florets of the ray narrow and very numerous . 19. TUSSILAGO. 

 Radical leaves none, or at the base of the flowering stem. Florets of the ray 

 linear or oblong 28 

 Achenes of the ray without any pappus 21. DORONICUM. 

 Achenes of the ray with a pappus like those of the disk . . 20. SENEOIO. 

 ( Florets of the ray not more than 10 or 12. Anthers without tails 4. SOLIDAOO. 

 29 4 Florets of the ray very numerous, or at any rate above 20. Anthers with minute 

 I fine points or tails at their base 9. INULA. 



CYNAROIDEJ3. 

 Bracts of the involucre entire, obtuse or pointed but not prickly . . .81 



30- 



33 J 



Bracts of the involucre ending in a long, stiff point, hooked at the extremity. 



22. ARCTIUM. 

 Bracts of the involucre prickly, or ending in a fringed or toothed appendage 34 



Hairs of the pappus simple " . . . .32 



Hairs of the pappus feathery 33 



Receptacle chaffy 23. SERRATULA. 



Receptacle naked 19. TUSSILAQO. 



Leaves entire or coarsely toothed, not prickly . . . .24. SAUBSUKEA. 

 Leaves either prickly or bordered with minute stiff bristles . 25. CARDUUS. 

 /Bracts of the involucre ending in a simple point or prickle . . . .35 



34 -j Bracts of the involucre ending in a fringed or toothed appendage, or in several 

 ( points or prickles, or in a prickle branched at the base ..... 36 



Receptacle bearing long chaffy bristles between the florets . 25. CARDUUS. 



35 -J Receptacle honeycombed, with jagged edges to the cavities, but not bristly. 



26. ONOPORDON. 



Inner bracts of the involucre long, linear, shining and spreading, outer ones 

 very prickly. Achenes silky ....... 27. CARLINA. 



Bracts of the involucre toothed or jagged, not prickly . . 28. CENTAUREA. 

 Bracts of the involucre prickly. Achenes glabrous ...... 37 



Pappus of long, simple or feathery hairs ..... 25. CARDUOS. 



Pappus of short, simple bristles or none ..... 28. CENTAUREA. 



LIGULAT2B 



Achenes bearing a pappus of numerous long hairs . . . . . .89 



Achenes without a pappus, or crowned by a few short scales . . . .61 



Pappus with some or most of the hairs feathery ...... 40 



Pappus with all the hairs simple .......... 44 



Involucre (very long) with all the bracts of equal length . . 29. TRAGOPOGON. 

 Involucre with outer bracts much smaller, or different from the inner ones . 41 

 External bracts of the involucre 4 or 6, broadly ovate or heart-shaped. 



41 { 30. ilELMINTHlA. 



External bracts of the involucre small and unequal . ..... 42 



Receptacle bearing some long chaffy scales between the florets. 



42 { 33. HYPOCHCERIS. 



Receptacle naked ............. 43 



Stem leafy, branched, several-flowered, with clinging, hooked hairs. Achenes 



without a beak ........... 31. PICRIS. 



| Stem almost leafless, simple or slightly branched, with 1 or very few flower- 



heads. Achenes usually tapering into a short beak . . 32. LEONTODON. 

 Achenes more or less flattened. Leaves glabrous, often bearing prickles on 



the edges or midrib . ..... .... 45 



Achenes cylindrical or angular. Leaves glabrous, hairy, or downy . . .47 

 Achenes tapering in to a slender beak bearing the pappus ..... 46 

 Pappus sessile or not supported on a distinct, slender beak . 35. SONCHUS. 

 Peduncles radical, with a single flower-head . . . .36. TARAXACUM. 

 Flowering stems erect, leafy, bearing several flower-head* S4. LACTUCA. 



