266 THE COMPOSITE FAMILY. [Crepis. 



and there are often long and short ones in the same head as (7. 

 virens. 



In similar situations with the last three, dispersed over temperate 

 Europe, from Sweden to the Mediterranean. Bare in Britain, and 

 often confounded with C. virens, or with 0. taraxacifolia, but found 

 in the central and eastern counties of England, and in Aberdeenshire, 

 and Dublin, Fl. summer. 



5. C. hieracioides, Jacq. (fig. 600). Hawkweed (7. Like O.paludosa, 

 this has much the habit of a ffieracium, but the pappus is almost as 

 white and soft as in other species of Crepis. It is an erect, scarcely 

 branched perennial, a foot high or rather more, glabrous or slightly 

 hairy. Leaves entire or with a few minute teeth ; the radical and 

 lower obovate-oblong, on long stalks ; the upper few, narrow, and clasp- 

 ing the stem. Flower-heads few, in a loose corymb, like those of 0. 

 paludosa, but the achenes are finely striate, with about 20 ribs. C. 

 succiscefolia, Tausch. 



In meadows and pastures, chiefly in mountain districts, all across 

 central Europe, from the Pyrenees to the Eussian frontier, not extend- 

 ing into Scandinavia. In Britain, in a few localities, in Scotland, and 

 northern England, extending from Yorkshire to Banff. FL summer 

 and autumn. 



6. C. paludosa, Mcench. (fig. 601). Marsh C. This species has 

 almost as much the habit and characters of Uieracium, with which 

 Linnaeus associated it, as of Crepis, to which it is referred by modern 

 botanists. It is an erect, scarcely branched perennial, but of short 

 duration, and nearly glabrous, 1 to 2 feet high. Eadical leaves ovate, 

 coarsely toothed, with a few small lobes along the stalk; the stem- 

 leaves from broadly oblong to lanceolate, pointed, toothed, especially 

 in the lower part, and clasping the stem by rather large, pointed 

 auricles. Flower-heads yellow, rather large, in corymbs of 8 or 10 ; 

 the involucres more or less hairy with black, spreading hairs. The 

 pappus is of a dirty white, almost like that of a Hieracium, but the 

 achenes are distinctly contracted at the top as in Crepis, and marked 

 with 10 ribs or strise. 



In moist, shady situations, in northern Europe, and all across 

 Russian Asia, becoming a mountain plant in southern Europe. Extends 

 all over Scotland, and southward into the central counties of England, 

 and into South Wales ; found also in north Ireland. Fl. summer and 

 autumn. 



XXXVIII. HIEEACIUM. HAWKWEED. 



Herbs, with a perennial stock, entire or toothed leaves, and yellow or 

 rarely orange-red flower-heads, either on leafless radical peduncles, or 

 in terminal corymbs or panicles on leafy stems. Involucre more or less 

 imbricated. Receptacle without scales. Achenes angular or striated, 

 not narrowed at the top ; with a pappus of simple, generally stiff hairs, 

 of a tawny-white or brownish colour. 



A rather numerous European and north Asiatic genus, with a few 

 American species, very nearly allied to Crepis, but the achenes are not 

 perceptibly contracted at the top, and the hairs of the pappus are 



