270 THE COMPOSITE FAMILY. [ffieracwm. 



usually more ot the short, black, glandular hairs, intermingled with the 

 minute down than either H. sabaudum or H. umbettatum. 



In woods, shady places, and rich pastures, and on the banks of 

 streams, in northern Europe and the mountain districts of central 

 Europe, and north and west Asia, and the Himalayas. Kare in the 

 Highlands of Scotland, and in Wicklow county in Ireland, very doubt- 

 fully extending into England. Fl. late summer, or autumn. 



XXXIX. CICHORIUM. CHICORY. 



Perennials, with the leaves mostly radical, stiff branching stems, and 

 sessile heads of blue flowers. Involucres oblong. Achenes crowned by 

 a ring of minute erect scales. 



Besides the British species, the genus only includes the garden 

 Endive, supposed to be a native of India, but it is very doubtful if it 

 be wild even there, and it may be a mere cultivated variety of G. 

 Intybus, which yields the chicory of commerce. 



1. C. Intybus, Linn. (fig. 609). Succory or Chicory. Perennial stock 

 descending into a long tap-root. Stems more or less hispid, 1 to 2 or 

 even 3 feet high. Radical leaves spreading on the ground, and, as well 

 as the lower stem-leaves, more or less hairy and pinnatifid, with a 

 large terminal lobe and smaller lateral ones, all pointed and coarsely 

 toothed ; the upper leaves small, less cut, embracing the stem by 

 pointed auricles. Flower-heads in closely sessile clusters of 2 or 3 

 along the stiff spreading branches, and 1 or 2 terminal ones. Involucres 

 of about 8 inner bracts and a few outer ones about half their length ; 

 the florets large, of a bright blue. Achenes smooth or scarcely ribbed, 

 closely packed in the hard dry base of the involucre. 



In dry wastes, on roadsides, and borders of fields, over the greater 

 part of Europe and Asia, stopping only short of the Arctic regions on 

 the one side, and the tropics on the other. Not uncommon in some 

 parts of England and Ireland, but rare in Scotland. Fl. summer and 

 autumn. 



XL. ARNOSERIS. ARNOSERIS. 



A single species, distinguished as a genus from Lapsana, as having a 

 different habit, and the achenes crowned with a minute raised border ; 

 and more naturally associated by older botanists with ffyoseris, a 

 Continental genus, in which the achenes have a pappus of chaffy scales 

 or bristles. 



1. A. pusilla, Gaertn. (fig. 610). Dwarf A., Lamb's or Swine's Succory. 

 Leaves all radical, obovate or oblong, toothed, and glabrous or nearly 

 so. Flower-stalks 4 to 8 inches high, slightly branched and leafless ; 

 the erect branches or peduncles enlarged and hollow upwards, each 

 bearing a small head of yellow flowers. 



In dry, sandy or gravelly fields, in northern and central Europe, but 

 not an Arctic plant, and apparently rare in the south. Dispersed locally 

 over the eastern counties of England and Scotland, but not recorded 

 from Ireland. Fl. summer. 



