Chenopodium. 1 ] LXII. CHENOPODIACE^. 375 



mnch so as G. album, and more branched. Leaves narrow-ovate or 

 oblong, sinuately toothed, but more regularly so than in any other 

 species, green above, mealy-white underneath. Clusters of flowers 

 small, mostly in axillary, nearly simple spikes. Perianth green or 

 slightly mealy, almost closing over the fruit, of which the seed is 

 usually erect, as in C. rubrum, or horizontal only in a few flowers. 



In cultivated and waste places, dispersed over Europe and central 

 and Kussian Asia, except the extreme north. Occurs occasionally in 

 various parts of England, but not yet detected in Ireland or Scotland. 

 PL summer and autumn. 



5. C. rubrum, Linn. (fig. 847). Red G. Very near C. urbicum, of 

 which it has the foliage and inflorescence, and only differs in that 

 most of the flowers have only 2 or 3 segments to the perianth, with the 

 seed erect, not horizontal, and usually much smaller. The whole plant 

 is more apt to turn red, especially near the sea. 



On roadsides, and in waste places, especially near the sea, through- 

 out Europe and Eussian Asia, except the extreme north. Dispersed 

 over England, Ireland, and southern Scotland. Fl. summer and autumn. 

 [A variety with subentire more fleshy and triangular leaves is C. 

 botryodes, Sm.] 



6. C. urbicum, Linn. (fig. 848). Upright G. An erect, rather stout, 

 slightly branched annual, 1 to 2 feet high, usually green, without the 

 mealiness of C. album. Lower leaves on long stalks, broadly ovate, 

 triangular or rhomboidal, almost always narrowed or wedge-shaped at 

 the base, coarsely and irregularly toothed or lobed, 2 or 3 inches long, 

 the upper ones narrower and more pointed. Clusters of flowers small 

 and numerous, in crowded axillary spikes, usually erect and slightly 

 branched, more slender than in 0. album. Perianth small and green, 

 not completely covering the fruit ; the seed is always horizontal. 



Under walls, on roadsides, and in waste places, throughout Europe 

 and central and Eussian Asia, except the extreme north. In Britain, 

 chiefly near habitations, in England and Ireland. Fl. summer and 

 autumn. 



7. C. murale, Linn. (fig. 849). Nettle-leaved G. An erect or de- 

 cumbent and much-branched annual, a foot high or rather more, either 

 green like Q. urbicum, or with a slight, whitish meal. Leaves broadly 

 ovate and coarsely toothed, as in C. urbicum, and the inflorescence is 

 also chiefly axillary, but the spikes are much branched, forming spread- 

 ing cymes. Calyx usually slightly mealy, almost closing over the fruit. 

 Seeds all horizontal. 



Under walls, on roadsides, and in waste places, in temperate Europe 

 and Asia, as far northward as southern Sweden, and in some other 

 countries. Found, but rarely, near habitations, in England and very 

 rarely in Ireland, but does not extend into Scotland. Fl. summer and 

 autumn. 



8. C. hybridum, Linn. (fig. 850). Maple-leaved G. An erect, branch- 

 ing annual, 1 to 2 or 3 feet high, green and glabrous. Leaves like those 

 of Spinach, rather thick, stalked, ovate, coarsely toothed, sinuate or with 

 a few broad lobes, the larger ones 2 or 3 inches long and broadly cordate 

 at the base, the upper ones narrower. Clusters of flowers in forked cymes, 

 forming a loose terminal panicle, scarcely leafy at the base. Perianth 

 green, leaving a considerable part of the fruit exposed. 



