Spiranthe*.] LXXXI. ORCHIDACE^ 441 



green, with short, sheathing, pointed scales, very seldom growing out 

 into very short, linear leaves. Flowers white, with a sweet smell of 

 almonds, in a rather close spiral spike of about 2 inches, all diverging 

 horizontally to one side, whilst the bracts remain erect on the opposite 

 side. 



On dry, hilly pastures, all over Europe, except the extreme north, ex- 

 tending eastward to the Caucasus. In Britain it is not found farther 

 north than Westmoreland and Yorkshire, but occurs in central and 

 south Ireland. Fl. autumn. 



2. S. eestivalis, Rich. (fig. 994). Summer L. Rootstock more hori- 

 zontal than in S. autumnalis, with longer, more cylindrical tubers. 

 Leaves radical, or on the flower-stem near the base, narrow-lanceolate 

 or linear. Stem rather taller than in the common L., and the flowers 

 rather larger. 



In bogs and marshes, chiefly in southern Europe, extending over 

 France and into Belgium. The only known British stations are in 

 Hampshire, Worcester, and the Channel Islands. Fl. late in summer. 



3. S. Romazoviana, Cham. (fig. 995). Drooping L. Rootstock pro- 

 ducing a cluster of thin cylindrical tubers. Stem leafy, attaining 6 to 9 

 inches. Lower leaves at the base of the stem lanceolate or spathulate, 

 2 to 3 inches long, spreading, the upper ones smaller, erect, sheathing 

 at the base. Spike dense, 1 to 2 or even 3 inches long, the flowers 

 white, packed in 3 rows, much larger than in the other two species, with 

 a broader lip. S. Gemmipara, Lindl. S. cernua of early editions. 



A native of Kamtschatka and North America, unknown in Europe, 

 except in meadows at Bantry Bay, Ireland. Fl. August and September. 



X. GOODYERA. GOODYERA. 



Very near to Spiranthes, but the spike is not spiral, and the lip does 

 not embrace the column, and is contracted at the top into a recurved 

 point. 



The species are very few, all from the northern hemisphere, and 

 generally from high latitudes or alpine situations. 



1. G. repens, Br. (fig. 996). Creeping G. Rootstock shortly creep- 

 ing, with a few thick fibres. Flowering stems 6 inches to near a foot 

 high, with a few ovate stalked leaves near the base. Spike 1-sided as 

 in Spiranthes autumnalis, but straight, with rather smaller flowers of a 

 greenish- white ; the lateral sepals rather shorter, and more spreading 

 than the upper sepal and the petals. 



In moist woods, and forests, in northern and Arctic Europe, Asia, 

 and America, and the higher mountains of central Europe and Asia. 

 In Britain, confined to Cumberland and several counties of Scotland, 

 where it is rare and local. Fl. end of summer. 



XI. ORCHIS. ORCHIS. 



Rootstock producing each year a fleshy tuber by the side of the decay- 

 ing one of the preceding year, the following year's stem shooting from 

 the top of the new tuber. Stem leafy at the base, with a terminal spike 



