Carex.} LXXXVIII. CYPERACE^. 493 



the name of 0. alpicola, Wahlb. (C. vitilis, Fries., or C. Persoonii, 

 Sieb.). 



10. C. remota, Linn. (fig. 1120). Remote . Distinguished from all 

 other British species, with mixed spikelets male at the base, by the 

 small pale spikelets at considerable distances from each other, the 

 outer bracts of the 3 or 4 lower ones always very long and leaf -like. 

 Stems slender, a foot high or more. Spikelets smaller than in C. 

 canescens. Fruits tapering into a point, but not so long as in C. dongata. 

 The terminal spikelet has male flowers in the lower half, the others 

 only a few at the base, and the lowest is often entirely female. 



In woods, and moist, shady places, generally dispersed over Europe 

 and central and Russian Asia, except the extreme north, and North 

 America. Frequent in England and Ireland, less so in Scotland. PL 

 early summer. 



11. C. axillaris, Gooden. (fig. 1121). Axillary <?. A rather tall 

 species, with leafy stems often 2 feet high, allied on the one hand to 

 C. remota, but the spikelets are not so distant, and the lowest is either 

 branched, or there are 2 or 3 together, either sessile or very shortly 

 stalked, and only one or two of the lower bracts are leaf-like. On the 

 other hand, the clustered lower spikelets show an approach to 0. 

 paniculata, and, as in that species, there are a few male flowers at the 

 top of the terminal spikelets ; but the inflorescence is much more slender, 

 the spikelets much more distant, and there are usually a few male 

 flowers at the base of most of them. From the remote- flowered forms 

 of C. muricata it differs in the longer spikelets, the much more leafy 

 lower bract, and the fruit flatter, with very acute edges. 



Generally distributed over Europe and Russian Asia, except tha 

 extreme north, but not very common. Very local in England and 

 Ireland, and not known in Scotland. Fl. early summer. [C. axillaris 

 is supposed to be a hybrid between C. remota and G. muricata; and 

 C. Bcenninghauseniana, Weihe, is another between remota and pani- 

 culata.] 



12. C. paniculata, Linn. (fig. 1122). Panicled (?. A stout species, 

 forming large tufts ; the stems attaining from 1 to 3 or even 4 feet in 

 height, and more or less triangular, but never so much so as in C. 

 vulpina ; the leaves in luxuriant specimens longer than the stem, and 

 3 or 4 lines broad, in poorer specimens much shorter and narrower. 

 Spikelets numerous, brown, crowded into a compound spike or panicle, 

 sometimes 4 or 5 inches long, with the lower branches spreading and 

 an inch long, sometimes contracted into a spike like that of C. vulpina, 

 but more slender. The individual spikelets are sessile, mostly with a 

 few male flowers at the top, the outer bracts scarious at the edges, 

 the lowest sometimes with short fine points. Styles 2-cleft. Fruits 

 ovate, bsaked, marked on the inner face with several longitudinal ribs 

 or veins. 



In marshes and bogs, throughout Europe and Russian Asia, except 

 the extreme north, and in North America. Generally distributed over 

 Britain. Fl. early summer. It varies much in the degree of develop- 

 ment of the inflorescence, as well as in the nerves or ribs of the fruit. 

 A small variety, C. teretiuscula, Good., has the panicle almost contracted 

 into a spike of about an inch, but much more slender than in C. 

 vulpina, and the fruit, although the longitudinal ribs are scarcely 



