528 THE GRASS FAMILY. [ffordevm. 



Outer glumes of all the spikelets slightly dilated at the base, 

 not ciliate, and one of each lateral spikelet broader than 

 the rest . 4. H. maritimum. 



1. H. sylvaticum, Huds. (fig. 1209). Wood B.An erect peren- 

 nial, about 2 feet high, with flat leaves, usually hairy on the sheaths. 

 Spike cylindrical, not very dense, about 3 inches long. The central 

 spikelet of each notch is reduced to 2 narrow-linear glumes, either 

 quite empty or rarely containing a rudimentary or male flower, the 2 

 lateral spikelets have each 1 perfect flower, and sometimes a second, 

 either rudimentary or male ; the outer glumes like those of the central 

 spikelet, but rather broader and longer, and placed side by side ; the 

 flowering glume shorter, but terminating in a long awn. 



In woods and thickets, in central and southern Europe, extending 

 eastward to the Caucasus and northward to southern Scandinavia. In 

 Britain, not rare in some of the midland and northern counties of Eng- 

 land, but not found in Scotland, and only near Dublin in Ireland. 

 FL. summer. 



2. H. pratense, Huds. (fig. 1210). Meadow B. An erect or decum- 

 bent annual or perennial, often 2 feet high, and tufted or bulbous at 

 the base. Leaves glabrous and rather narrow. Spike 1| to 2 inches 

 long, close and cylindrical. To each notch are 3 pairs of awn-like 

 rough glumes ; within the central pair is a flowering glume, lanceolate, 

 but completely rolled round the flower, and tapering into an awn as 

 long as itself ; within each of the 2 lateral pairs is usually an inner 

 glume smaller than the central one, either empty or enclosing a male or 

 rudimentary flower. 



In moist meadows, and pastures, in central and southern Europe, 

 extending eastward all across Russian Asia and into north-west India, 

 and North America, and northward to southern Scandinavia. Frequent 

 in England, very local in Ireland, and Berwick only in Scotland. Fl. 

 early summer. 



3. H. murinum, Linn. (fig. 1211). Wall B.A rather coarse, tufted 

 Grass, the stems decumbent at the base, 1 to 2 feet long. Leaves often 

 hairy. Spike dense and cylindrical, 3 or 4 inches long, thickly beset 

 with the long rough awns. Outer glumes of the 3 spikelets all awn- 

 like, but those of the central spikelet somewhat broader at the base 

 and ciliate. Inner glume of each spikelet lanceolate and rolled inwards 

 at the base, ending in a long awn ; that of the central spikelet enclos- 

 ing a perfect flower, and a short awn-like empty glume at the back of 

 the palea ; those of the lateral ones empty or with a very imperfect 

 male flower. 



In waste places, on roadsides, &c., in central and southern Europe 

 and western Asia, extending northwards to southern Scandinavia, and 

 now naturalised in many parts of the world. Frequent in England, 

 confined to the east of Scotland, and very rare in Ireland. FL att 

 summer. 



4. H. maritimum, With. (fig. 1212). Sea B., Squirrel-tail Grass. 

 Very near H. murinum, but smaller and somewhat glaucous, the spikes 

 smaller, with shorter awns, and 3 pairs of outer glumes all lanceolate 

 at the base but not ciliate, and one of each of the lateral pairs a little 

 broader than the others. 



On the seacoasts of western Europe, and all round the Mediterranean 



