32 GENERAL ANATOMY. 



1. The yellow ligaments of the vertebral columns: Lig.Jlava, 

 obturatoria atlantis. 



2. The ligaments and membranes of the Larynx, the Trachea, 

 and the Bronchi. 



3. The elastic fibres of the (Esophagus, in the cutis, many 

 fascise and serous membranes. 



4. The external (not central) coat of the arteries (and veins ?). 

 See Angiology. 



The fibres of this tissue are strongly serpentine, like the nucleus fibres of 

 uniting tissue (both insoluble in acetic acid) ; or curved and curled, of an S 

 shape (in the ligg. flava) ; or anastomosing with parallel, neighbouring fibres 

 (in the arterial coat). The fibrous appearance is not so distinct as in the 

 structures consisting of uniting tissue. It is commonly mixed up with uniting 

 tissue ; the purest is presented by the yellow ligaments. 



Few vessels are found therein ; nerves, probably, not at all. 



Uses. Connection of bones, for the boundary of cavities, envelope of mus- 

 cles, the last being assisted in their performance by the very extensible elastic 

 tissue. 



32. Cartilage tissue. 



Cartilage, cartilagines, ^oi-Spoi, are smooth, firm, elastic and 

 flexible, more or less brittle parts, of a milk blue, even yellow, 

 colour, of spec. grav. = 1*15; consisting of a homogeneous base- 

 ment substance, between which vesicles are scattered, or even 

 fibres are found. We accordingly distinguish : 



1. True cartilages, that is, such as consist of homogeneous basement sub- 

 stance, containing cavities and cells with (from 1 to 4) nuclei, but seldom 

 cells containing fat. They are covered with a strong membrane of uniting 

 tissue, Perickondrium which contains vessels, on their free surfaces. To them 

 belong, 



a. The Nasal. 



b. Cartilages of the respiratory organs (except, cc. Santorim, arytanaid, epi- 

 glottis, corpusc. triticea, and ligg. hyothyreoid. later alia). 



c. Rib cartilages and cartilage of proc. xiphoideus. 



d. Articular cartilage (except the ring around the cavitat. glenoidal, and the 

 condylus-maxill. inferior). 



The rib cartilages break transversely very easily, and incline to ossification, 

 whilst in them, as in the thyroid cartilage, fibres become developed, which 

 are at first pale, later yellow and stitf. They lie close together in bundles, 

 and receive the cartilage cavities between them. Thus arises the transitional 

 form into 



2. Fibro-cartilages, cc. fibrosa. Their basement substance consists of 

 darker, harsher, and stronger fibres than are present in the true cartilages ; 

 they are more flexible (do not break so easily), and more yellow, containing 

 nucleated cells holding fat (hence an inclination to be transformed into fat). 

 To them belong : 



Ligg. intervertebralia, Synckondroses, Ear cartilages, Epiglottis, cartt. Saniorini, 

 and Wrisbergii, cart, tuba Eustachii, c. inter articular, of the sterno-clavicular 

 articulation, the Meniscus of the maxillary articulation. The so-called fibro- 



