34 GENERAL ANATOMY. 



35. 2. Lymph is the fluid of the lymphatics, flowing into the 

 system of blood-vessels, formed from the surplus of the blood 

 plasma and the destruction of the particles of organs. 



A thin fluid, colourless, sometimes yellowish and lastly red; alkaline reac- 

 tion, and saltish taste. Contains larger corpuscles which, round and smooth, 

 are rather larger than the blood corpuscles (see after), of about 0-002 to 0*005 

 of a line diameter; their shell soluble in acetic acid, the nucleus insoluble; 

 and smaller, that is, nuclei without cells ; the Plasma of lymph contains fibrin 

 which coagulates of itself, after ten to fifteen minutes, into a lymph coagulum 

 which encloses, partly, the corpuscles. 



The Serum consists of 92 to 96 parts water, albumen, alkaline 

 salts, and oxide of iron. The small lymph corpuscles, cell-less 

 nuclei, are metamorphosed into blood discs, but not so the perfect 

 lymph globules. 



36. 2. BLOOD, Sanguis, 



a bright red fluid in those vessels called arteries, a dark red in the 

 veins, of 1'052 to 1'057 sp. grav. (at + 15 R.), [65 Fahr.], 

 and saltish taste, easily decomposes. Living blood consists of 

 fluid (Plasma) and blood corpuscles. 



Out of the vessels the blood coagulates after 5 to 7 minutes, 

 and separates into a firm portion (coagulum, Placenta), and into 

 a fluid (Serum) ; the coagulum contains the coagulated fibrin, 

 and the (red) blood corpuscles, the yellow serum, the albumen, 

 and the salts of the blood. 



1. Blood corpuscles. Coloured and colourless are now dis- 

 tinguished. 



a. The coloured, singly yellow, in heaps appearing red, are very smooth 

 and slippery; in the human subject flat, round, of 0-0025 to 0*0032 of a line 

 diam. (broad), and of 0-0008 to 0-0012 of a line diam. (thick); very elastic, 

 soft and heavier than the plasma. A nucleus (as we see in the blood cor- 

 puscles of the frog, which are four times as large) is rarely or never observed 

 in those of man. 



The substance of the nucleus is fibrin (J. Muller, Fr. Simon). The case 

 is very sensitive, swells out in water and principally in less concentrated 

 fluids than the Serum; shrinks together in concentrated solutions, and is 

 soluble in acetic acid. 



Inside the case we find a viscous fluid, in which, probably, the colouring 

 matter, soluble in water, is contained (Haematin and Hsemaphaein), which 

 amounts to about 0-55, and may be abstracted by alcohol. The Globulin 

 (Berzelius) is also a part of these contents, probably albumen with phosphate 

 of lime. The cases of the blood corpuscles have not yet been chemically 

 examined alone. 



Cruor (not to be confounded with Haematin), blood red, is the term given 

 to the mixture of the cases with their contents. 



b. The colourless blood corpuscles are somewhat larger than the coloured ; 

 they possess a nucleus, and are more frequently present in the serum than in 



