HANDBOOK 



HUMAN ANATOMY, 



L ANATOMY (aafe>vv, to dissect) has for its object a know- 

 ledge of the separate parts of organic bodies. Every organismus 

 consists of a series of different parts (organs) associated together 

 with a view to the maintenance and self-preservation of the whole, 

 which, likewise, proceed from the connection of dissimilar struc- 

 tures (tissues). The consideration of the tissues, their form, 

 development, and constituents, belongs to the general part of ana- 

 tomy (" Anatomy of Tissues," Histologia), a science, for the 

 foundation of which we have to thank Bichat (born 1771, died 

 1802), and for the farther Advance of which we are indebted to 

 the labours of more modern inquirers. A description of the 

 organs forms the particular part, Special Anatomy. 



GENERAL ANATOMY. 



2. The animal body consists of solid and fluid substances, 

 which, permeating one another, may, by chemical means, be 

 resolved into proximate and ultimate elements, and supply the 

 material base to the forms of the elementary constituents and 

 tissues. 



I. CONSTITUENTS OF THE HUMAN BODY. 



3. The 17 19 bases which the chemist recognises in the 

 tissues and fluids of the healthy human body, are: 



Oxygen, Hydrogen, Carbon, Nitrogen ; Phosphorus, Sulphur, Chlorine, Flu- 

 orine ; Potassium, Sodium; Calcium, Magnesium, Silicium, Aluminum; Iron, 

 Manganese, Titanium, and (according to Raspail) Arsenic, Copper. 



Of these Oxygen, Hydrogen, Carbon, and Nitrogen form the principal mass 

 of the fluids and soft tissues ; Lime (as phosphate and carbonate of lime) 

 that of the bones ; the rest are found in smaller quantities only. A few of 



2 



