THE LIGAMENTS. 105 



c. Backwards. The sternal extremity of the clavicula glides 

 forwards; the anterior portion of the Lig. capsulare is stretched, 

 often even to laceration, and then luxation of the clavicle takes 

 place forwards. 



d. Forwards. The sternal end of the clavicula glides back- 

 wards; the posterior portion of the Lig. capsulare and of the 

 Lig. inter clavicul. stretched. 



e. In circumduction the movement is very limited, and it is 

 resigned to the upper arm. 



119. B. Of the clavicula with the scapula, Artie, acromio- 



clavicularift. 



Amphiarthrosis. The articular surfaces are elliptical, even, 

 and lie obliquely to one another; that of the clavicle looks rather 

 downwards and outwards, that of the acromion upwards and 

 inwards; above, between them, but not always, we find a free 

 cartilage, and a synovial capsule. 



1 . Lig. capsulare (externurn) is attached closely with the following. 



2. Lig. claviculo-acromiale, proceeds from the surface and the posterior bor- 

 der of the acromion to that of the external extremity of the clavicula ; is above 

 very strong. 



Ligaments between proc. coracoideus and clavicula artic. 

 coraco-clavicularis. 



3. Lig. posterius s. conoideum, triangular, vertical from the root of the coracoid 

 process, expanding as it ascends to the tubercle upon the posterior border of the 

 external termination of the Clavicula. 



4. Lig. anterius s. trapezoideum, oblique from the inferior border of the 

 root of the Proc. coracoid, to the inferior surface of the acromial extremity of 

 the Clavicle; close before 3.; both of them are loose. 



Ligaments of the shoulder-blade. 



1. Lig. Coraco-acromiale, is attached broad to the external border of the 

 Proc. coracoid, and by an apex to the anterior blunt point of the Acromion, 

 filling up the space between the two, and forming a roof over the upper 

 arm. 



2. Lig. transversum, thin, flat, passes from the root of the Proc. coracoid, 

 across the incisura scapula, with which it forms a foramen, for nerv. svprascapiir 

 laris et ven. trans, scap. 



120. II. Connection of Scapula with Humerus, Artie. Scapu- 



lo-humeralis s. Artie, humeri. Shoulder-joint, 



is the most free of the whole body, the type of Enarthrosis. 

 a. Articular surfaces. 

 l.Fossaglenoidalis, superficial, concave, oval, directed out wards. 



