THE MUSCLES. 127 



B. Muscles of the external Ears. 



151. 1 ftttollens auriculse, elevator of the ear. 



Shape: triangular, thin. Position: close beneath the skin of 

 the temporal fossa above the ear. Origin: Galea aponeurotica . 

 Insertion: broad, on the posterior surface (between the divisions) 

 of the ant helix. Action: raises the auricle. 



152. 2. Protrahens s. auricularis anterior. 



Figure: small, thin. Position: above the zygoma, beneath he 

 skin; covers art. and ven. temporalis and fascia temporal. Origin : 

 Galea aponeurotica. Insertion: in front of the helix. Action: 

 draws the auricle forwards and upwards. 



Nerves: temporal, superftc. (auricular, anter.} subculan., tempor. facial. 



153. 3. Retrahentes, 2 retractors of the auricle. 



Figure: roundish, flat, small. Position: above the origin of 

 the Sterno-mastoid muscle. Origin: proc. mastoic/eus. Inser- 

 tion: the external convex surface of the auricle. Action: they 

 draw the upper portion of the auricle backwards. 



Nerves : auricular, post, vagi, occipital, minor. 



154. 4. Muscles which may serve for the movement of indi- 

 vidual parts, but however are only perceptible as exceptions. 

 Helicis major and minor, Tragicus, rfntitragicus, Trans versus 

 auriculae, Dilator conch se (see Ear). Hyrtl describes a m. stylo- 

 auricularis, which passes from proc. styloideus to the inferior sur- 

 face of the cartilaginous meatus audit onus, but generally repre- 

 sented by a tendinous cord. 



C. Muscles of the Eyelids. 



155. 1. Orbicularis s. sphincter palpebrarum. 



Figure: flat, rather thin, consisting of an external and an in- 

 ternal layer. From the internal angle of the eyes a four-sided 

 fasciculus passes, m. Horneri s. Tensor tarsi s. sacci lacrymalis, 

 which goes behind the tarsal ligament around the lacrymal canal 

 to the crista of the lacrymal bone. Position : beneath the skin of 

 the lids and borders of the orbits. The internal layer arched from 

 Kg. palpebrar. intern, to externum., and from the borders of the 

 orbits to the tarsal cartilages, covers the roots of the cilia. The 



