THE MUSCLES. 143 



219. Fasciae perforates. 



1. The intercostal muscles, a fascia cover externally, which is 

 behind the continuations of the Mm. externi, before those of the 

 interni ; in the thorax they are separated by a serous layer from 

 the diaphragm. 



2. F. coraco-clavicularis (see f. Humeri} invests m. subcla- 

 vius and pectoralis minor. 



3. F. superfidalis the in. pectoralis major, and the inferior 

 part of serratus antic, major. 



220. IV. Muscles of the Neck and Back. 



We may distinguish from the skin of the back, forwards, five 

 layers of muscles. 



A. First layer. 

 Two muscles. Origins : Proc. spinosi. 



221. 1. Cucullaris s. trapezius. 



Pos. : on the neck and back : meets along the inner border 

 (proc. spin.) with the corresponding muscle of the other side. Its 

 external superior border bounds the interstit. supra-claviculare. 

 Covers above, the splenii, in the centre, the Rhomboidei, supra- 

 splnatus and levator scapul., then a portion of the extensor spinse 

 and latissim. dorsi. Or. : 1. Proc. spinosi of the dorsal vertebrae 

 and lig. nuchse ; 2. Spina occipital, ext. and Lin. semicirc. 

 super, (the inner third). Ins.: Spina Scapulse, rfcromion, Cla- 

 vicula (the outer third). Fig. : triangular, the base turned to- 

 wards Proc. spin. ; both together quadrangular. Use : to draw 

 the shoulder backwards and inwards ; the superior portion draws 

 it upwards, the inferior downwards. 



Nerves : accessor. Willis., cei-vical. and dwsalis. 



9.9.9. 2. Latissimus dorsi. 



Pos. : below in the lumbar and sacral region ; above and exter- 

 nally behind the cavity of the axilla. Or.: 1. From external 

 ramus of cristi ilei, tendinous. 2. From the aponeur. lumbo- 

 dorsal. between crista ilei and the twelfth dorsal vetebra, fleshy. 



3. From proc. spinosi of the sixteenth to the nineteenth vertebrae. 



4. Fasciculi from the ninth to the twelfth ribs. All the fasciculi 

 converge towards the axillary fossa. Ins. : Spina tuberculi 

 minor, oss. humeri (2" broad), above the tendon of m. pectoral, 

 maj.; behind teres major, united with it. Use: to draw the 



