196 SPECIAL ANATOMY. 



into Ven. facialis anterior. Lymphatics: open into the glands at the base of 

 the chin. 



Nerves : first division of fifth and seventh cerebral nerves, from plexus in- 

 fraorbitalis and mentalis. 



Uses of the lips: Sucking, Speech, &c., expression of the affections. The 

 under lip more especially prevents the efflux of saliva. 



Cheeks, bucca, gence, bounded above, by the Basis orbita, below, by the basis 

 and externally by the posterior border of the lower jaw, consist of the follow- 

 ing parts: 



Skin, very vascular, delicate, particularly in the region of eminentia malaris 

 (malar bone), where it is firmly fixed; beset with the whiskers, julus. A de- 

 posit of fat, thick in the central region, between m. masseter and buccinator. 



Muscles: 1. M. massetei . and risorius in the regio masseterica. 2. Muse, or- 

 bicularis palpebr. in the regio malaris. 3. M. buccinatm; zygomat. major and 

 minor in the reg. buccalis. 



Salivary glands : glanduhz, buccales, between the muscles and the mucous 

 membrane opening upon the last; two larger, gl. molares, lie betweeen m. buc- 

 cinator and masseter, and open in the region of the last molar teeth. 



The mucous membrane is perforated in the region of the first and second 

 superior molar teeth by ductus Stenonianus. Ductus Stenonianus, accompanied 

 by nerv. buccal. med., below art. transv. faciei, curves inwards at the anterior 

 border of m. masseter, perforates the fat which covers the m. buccinat. and the 

 muscle itself at a distance of five lines from m. masseter and four from the in- 

 ferior border of os. zygomat. 



Vessels. Arteries : 1. Branches of art. maxillar. externa and t ransversa faciei. 

 2. Branches of art. maxillaris interna, as : infraorbitalis, dentalis infer., buccalis, 

 masseter., alveolaris. Veins : plexus buccalis, which opens into the v. facialis an- 

 terior. Lymphatics : they pass into the glands in the parotis and of the neck. 



Nerves: 1. Branches of N. facialis, buccales, and malares. 2. Branches of 

 N. trigeminus, rami buccinatorius, masseteiicus, infraorbitalis, mentalis. 



Uses : Chewing, Sucking, Speech, &c. 



The Palate, palatum durum, is formed by the processus palatini of the upper 

 jaw and the horizontal of the palate bones, covered by a spongy thick mem- 

 brane, perforated by vessels, nerves, and glands, membrana pulposa palati, 

 which, especially anteriorly, in the rough places, is firmly connected with the 

 periosteum. It is vaulted, presents in the middle line a suture, and at the 

 anterior termination of this the opening of canalis incisivus (for nerv. naso- 

 palatinus') . 



Salivary glands : glandules palatince are particularly numerous at the pos- 

 terior extremity of the raphe. 



Vessels. Art. et ven : Branches of the spheno- and pterygo-palatina. 



Nerves : naso-palatinus Scarpce and palatinus anterior. 



The soft palate, palatum molle s. mobile, velum palatinum, velum pendulum, 

 palati, is the membrano-muscular valve which separates the oral from the 

 nasal cavities and pharynx. It hangs downwards in a curvilinear form from 

 the posterior border of the hard palate, in swallowing (during the passage of 

 food) horizontal; it presents an inferior concave and a superior convex sur- 

 face which elongates the floor of the nasal fossae. From the centre of the in- 

 ferior border, the uvula is dependent, the apex of which may sometimes rest 

 upon the basis of the tongue, a few lines before the opening of the larynx, 

 and sometimes it is fissured. The lateral borders of the velum, between the 



