206 SPECIAL ANATOMY. 



muscular coat of the stomach ; and of an internal layer of circular fibres, 

 which are lost in the third layer of the muscular coat of the same organ. 



2. Mucous membrane, tunica interna, is connected with the last by a thin 

 layer of uniting tissue (tun. propria s. nervea) of a whitish and wrinkled 

 (rugous) appearance, with long folds beset with oblong mucous glands and 

 pavement epithelium. The oesophagus is surrounded externally by lymphatic 

 glands (gland, mediastince postic.*). 



Vessels : JLrtt. cesophagcte come to the cervical portion from thyreoid. infer. 

 to the thoracic : 1, direct from the Aorta 2, from bronchioles; 3, from inter- 

 costales (sometimes mammaria interna ; to the abdominal portion: from 

 coronar. ventric. and phrenica inferior. 



Veins correspond to the arteries, and open besides into Ven. cava. sup. and 

 azygos. Lymphatic vessels enter the numerous glands around the oesophagus. 



Nerves: vagus and ganglia thoracica of nerv. sympathicus / form plexuses 

 before and behind the (Esophagus. 



b. Parts below the Diaphragm. 

 436. 1. The Stomach, ventriculus, stomachus, 



a membranous, curved sac, the shape of a flattened cone, which 

 is situated transversely in the superior region of the abdomen, 

 below the diaphragm, filling up the left regio hypochondriaca, 

 and extending as far as the right (passing through the reg. epigas- 

 trica). Direction: oblique from above downwards, and from 

 left to right. In this position it is maintained by (Esophagus, 

 Duodenum, and a fold of Peritoneum which attaches it to the 

 Liver and Spleen. 



Parts of the Stomach: 1. Anterior wall; this is directed for- 

 wards and somewhat upwards, covered above by the heart, to the 

 left by the six last ribs, separated by the Diaphragm, to the right 

 by lobul. quadrat, of the liver, and before by the anterior ab- 

 dominal parietes (reg. epigastrica). 



2. The posterior wall looks downwards and backwards, is 

 placed above the Colon transversum, before the Duodenum and 

 Pancreas; and rests upon Mesoc.olon transvers. 



3. Curvatura Major, that is, the inferior convex border which, 

 in the distended stomach, looks forwards, and to which the two 

 anterior laminaB of the great omentum are attached (at this point 

 Artt. gastro-epiploicse). 



4. Curvatura Minor, that is, the superior concave border be- 

 tween Cardia and Pylorus. In the full stomach it looks upwards 

 and backwards, separated from the vertebral column by the Aorta 

 and Diaphragm ; surrounds the small lobes of the liver, the tripus 

 cseliacus (Halleri) [caeliac axis] and plexus Solaris ; to it is 

 attached the small omentum. 



5. Fundus ventriculi, base of the stomach. This includes 

 the entire portion of the stomach situated to the left of the Cardia, 



