THE VISCERA. 207 



and terminating in a cul-de-sac. It is round, large in circum- 

 ference, separated by the Diaphragm above, from the lungs, be- 

 fore, from the six last ribs, applied, outwards, against the spleen 

 (thence portio splenica], and united with it by Lig. gastro-spleni- 

 cum and Vasa brcria; behind, against the Pancreas, left Kid- 

 ney, and Caps, supra-renalis. 



6. Pars pylorica, at the right extremity of the stomach, is 

 bounded at its junction with the wider central portion of the 

 organ by a slight contraction, but at its union with the Duodenum, 

 in which it terminates, by a stronger ; before which, at the dis- 

 tance of one inch from the stomach, it takes a considerable curve 

 (upwards), and forms a small blind sac; it looks to the right, 

 backwards and upwards ; lies under the liver and the small omen- 

 turn, above the great, before the Pancreas, behind the abdominal 

 walls between reg. epigastrica and hypochondriaca dextra ; not 

 uncommonly close to the gall-bladder. Pylorus s. ostium duo- 

 denale is situated behind the lobulus quadratus of the liver, leads 

 into the Duodenum, from which it is shut out (inwardly) by a 

 valve, valvula pylori. 



7. Cardia s. ostium cesophageum, the mouth of the stomach, 

 lies at the left superior portion of the stomach between Curvatura 

 minor and Fundus ventriculi, close under foram. cesophag. of 

 the Diaphragm (with lig. phrenico-gastricum), embraced in front 

 by the left border of the liver, behind by the lobulus Spigelii 

 (behind the so-called cardiac fossa; yet not always). The 

 width of Pylorus and of Cardia measures about one inch. 



Structure of the Stomach. 



a. The mucous membrane, villous coat, a continuation of that of the oeso- 

 phagus, forms the most internal coat of the stomach. Very thin and exten- 

 sible, thicker and more solid than in the pars pylorica; it presents on its internal 

 free surface, covered with thin epithelium, a number of delicate linear eleva- 

 tions, villi, and between them innumerable openings of gastric juice glands 

 (surrounded by pentangular or hexangular vascular meshes), which are par- 

 ticularly strongly developed in the pars pylorica ; on the Cardia the laminated 

 glandul. lenticulares, which do not open upon the surface. Besides numerous 

 folds which pass from the Cardia towards the Pylorus longitudinally, in straight 

 or wavy lines, intersected by others in an oblique direction, and which serve 

 for the enlargement of the stomach. A similar circular fold of mucous mem- 

 brane, between the layers of which the m. sphincter pylori lies, forms the Val- 

 vula pylori. 



Besides the gastric juice, it secretes the common mucus. 



b. T. vasculosa s. nervea is connected very firmly with the following, and 

 only loosely with the mucous membrane. 



c. T. musculosa consists of three layers of pale red muscular fibres : 



1. The external layer, formed of longitudinal fibres, which spread them- 

 selves out from the (Esophagus upon the cardia, and thence, in a radiated form, 

 upon fundus and curvatura major, arranged along the curvatura minor like a 

 band, are thicker and coarser at the pylorus, and pass over upon the duodenum. 



