218 SPECIAL ANATOMY. 



are surrounded by a network of the capillaries of the ven. poria and hepatic 

 artery, and pass together into two large ducts (which, coming from the right, 

 and left hepatic lobes, and covered in the port a by sheaths of the Capsula 

 Glissonii, unite together). According to E. H. Weber's latest researches, they 

 form, like the blood-vessels, an uninterrupted and just as close rete, the inter- 

 spaces being filled up with the vessels, so that the two together produce the 

 hepatic parenchyma; in the porta, blindly ending vasa aberrantia of the liver 

 are present. 



5. Lymphatics: very numerous; first discovered in the liver; they open, 

 partly, directly into the ductus thoracicus. 



Nerves: 1. Branches of Vagus. 2. Plexus hepaticus N. sympath. 



446. Apparatus for the excretion of the Bile. 



a. The bile duct, ductus hepaticus s. excretorius hepafis, 



arises by the association of the two biliary ducts before mentioned, 

 is from one to one inch and a half long, and from two to two and 

 a half lines thick. It passes out from the Porta behind the right 

 branch of Art. Hepatica, passes downwards and backwards in the 

 Kg. gastro-hepatic., and divides into two ducts, one of which, the 

 left, ductus cysticus, leads into the gall bladder, the right, ductus 

 choledochus, into the Duodenum. Situation: to the right of art. 

 hepatic., to the left of ductus cysticus; before ven. portae. 



447. b. The gall-bladder cystis s. vesica fellea, is a pear- 

 shaped sac, three to four inches long, situated on the inferior 

 surface of the liver, in ihe fossa cystica, it extends obliquely from 

 before backwards, from below upwards, and from right to left, 

 contains about eight to nine drachms. 



We distinguish : 



a. The fundus, the closed globular extremity which projects 

 at the anterior border of the liver, touching, in that place, the 

 abdominal walls (to the outer border of m. rectus, close to the 

 anterior extremity of the tenth rib). Behind, the fundus of the 

 gall bladder passes into the conical. 



b. Body, corpus. This rests below upon the pars super, 

 duodeni and the right extremity of the colon, transv. (not un- 

 commonly also upon the right kidney or upon the pylorus). 

 Above it is attached by loose uniting tissue to the liver. 



c. The neck, collum, is twisted like a screw. It lies, generally, 

 to the left, and passes under the Porta into the ductus cysticus, 

 at which point a contraction marks the limit between them, as 

 occurs, also, at its junction with the body. 



Membranes. 1. A serous membrane (Peritonaum) covers the inferior sur- 

 face, only, of the gall bladder. 



