THE VISCERA. 227 



arytanoideus'). Basis, articulated with the cricoid. cartilage, with the posterior 

 external, tubercle (for m. crico-arytcenoid. lateral, and posticus) and an anterior 

 (for the inferior vocal cord). Apex with articular surface for the cornicula 

 Santorini. 



4. Cartilagg. s. cornicula Santorini, two small round and three-cornered car- 

 tilages upon the apex of the arytaenoid. Cart. Wrisbergii, small cartilages 

 sometimes present in the ligg. ary-epiglottic. between epiglottis and cartt. San- 

 torini (in some animals more abundant). 



5. The epiglottis, a thin, elastic, and yellow fibre-cartilaginous plate behind 

 the root of the tongue and before the entrance to the Larynx, is three-cornered, 

 heart-shaped, and curved like a saddle; stands upright, directed rather back- 

 wards ; is applied, in swallowing, horizontally over the entrance to the larynx, 

 and is broader than it. The anterior surface is above and below concave, in 

 the centre convex, above free and projecting over the root of the tongue, it lies 

 below, behind the root of the tongue, the os hyoides and the thyroid cartilage 

 (with the strong lig. glosso-epiglotticum medium, containing muscular fibres, the 

 hyo-epigktticum and gland, epiglottica, that is, fat, between epigkttis and thyroid 

 cartilage). The posterior surface is quite free, looks into the larynx, is covered 

 with mucous membrane and perforated by numerous glandular openings 

 (gland, epiglottica') . In the centre it is concave. The superior border is broad 

 (Basis) slightly sloping, and passes with rounded angles into the lateral bor- 

 ders, from which on either side two folds (plica arytceno-epiglott. and pharyngo- 

 epiglottica) go off, and to which the reflector is attached. The apex (pedicle) 

 is attached to the superior angle of the thyroid cartilage (behind pomum JLdami) 

 directly over the vocal cords, the lig. thyreo-epiglotticum. 



463. b. Connections of the Larynx : 



1. With the os hyoides, by four ligaments: 



a. Lig. thyreo-hyoideum medium, yellowish, broad, fills the space between 

 the superior border of the thyroid cartilage and the os hyoides ; is in the 

 (thick) centre covered by the skin, on the sides by m. thyreo-hyoid., lies 

 before the Epiglottis (separated by fat) and the mucous membrane. 



b. Ligg. thyreo-hyoidea lateralia, small and narrow, between the greater 

 (superior) cornua of the thyroid cartilage and those of the os hyoides. A 

 Synovial capsule lies between the posterior surface of the carp. oss. hyoid. 

 and the superior of the thyroid cartilage. 



c. Lig. hyo-epigbtticum, between the anterior surface of the epiglottis 

 and the posterior border of the os hyoides. 



2. With the Trachea by lig. crico-tracheale, that is, a small fibrous band 

 which strengthens the membrane (on the anterior surface) between the cricoid 

 cartilage and the rings of the Trachea. 



3. Connection of the Laryngeal cartilages with one another : 



a. Lig. crico-thyreoideum medium s. conoideum, yellow, thick, broad, tri- 

 angular, the apex at the inferior border of the thyroid, the basis at the 

 superior border of the cricoid cartilage (before). 



b. Ligg. crico-thyreoidea lateralia, strong, laterally from the bend of the 

 cricoid [inner lip of upper border] to the inferior cornua of the thyroid 

 cartilage [retreating angle of Thyroid cartilage], horizontally below the 

 inferior vocal cord. 



[Articulation between the lesser cornua of the thyroid cartilage and the 



