272 SPECIAL ANATOMY. 



situated, extending from the superior extremity of the auricle, almost as far 

 as the lobule. 



The cartilage of the ear is elastic and flexible, covered with 

 Perichondrium. The external integument which, particularly on 

 the concha, is applied closely to it, is delicate and transparent, 

 beset with folliculi sebacei, particularly in the concha and fossa 

 innominate,, with little hairs (tragi) upon the tragus. On the 

 border of the helix it is applied more loosely, and forms at the 

 inferior extremity a fold, the lobule of the auricle (lobulus auri- 

 cula,} between the layers of which we find a deposit of adipose 

 tissue. 



Ligaments : 



a. Lig. auricula posterius is thick, and extends from the posterior parts of 

 the con-cha to the superior of proc. mastoideus. 



b. Lig. anterius s. Valsalvce, triangular, broad, and strong, arises from a 

 nodule on the helix, close above tragus, and even from this, and attaches itself 

 to the root of proc. zygomat. (oss. tempor.) 



Muscles. (For those moving the whole auricle, see Myology.) They 

 should move the separate parts of the ear, but they are rudimentary; in 

 savages, besides, not more strongly developed. The four first lie on the ex- 

 ternal surface of the auricle. 



a. M. helicis major, narrow, about half an inch long, thin, at the arched 

 superior and anterior part of the Helix, fibres vertical. 



b. M. helicis minor, very small, at the arched inferior and posterior part. 



c. Tragicus, three-cornered, tolerably thick, with vertical fibres ; upon the 

 tragus. 



d. Antitragicus, narrow, short; passes from the antitragus to the anthelix. 



e. Transversus auriculae, transverse on the posterior surface of the ear, from 

 the convexity of the concha to the external part of the anthelix. 



f. Dilatator conchas (Theile), from the anterior surface of the cartilaginous 

 meatus audit, on the anterior inferior part of the tragus. Use : to draw the 

 tragus forwards, and thus dilate the concha. 



g. Obliquus auriculas (Arnold), upon the internal surface of the ear, between 

 the elevations of fossa innominata and the concha. 



Vessels and nerves. Arteries : art. auricularis posterior ; a branch perfo- 

 rates the helix, and enters into the concha ; the rest curve round the edge of 

 the former. Art. auriculares anler. from t emporalis. Veins: they open into 

 V.facialis posterior. 



Nerves: nn. auriculares anterior, superior, magnus [to the skin (sensitive)] ; 

 posterior [to the muscles] ; and a ramus nerv. vagi. 



507, 2. The external auditory canal, meatus auditorius 



externus, 

 a semi-cartilaginous, semi-osseous canal, one inch long, is elliptical 



