314 SPECIAL ANATOMY. 



wards, perforate the mm. intercostales, and divide into muscular and cuta- 

 neous branches (for mm. pectoralis and intercostales) ; the superior pass to 

 the thoracic glands, and are very greatly developed in mammalia. Some 

 branches (r. sternales) go into the periosteum of the sternum ; others per- 

 forate the last. 



559. The terminal branches of the mammaria internet,. 



e. Musculo-phrenica passes obliquely outwards and downwards, behind the 

 seventh to the eleventh rib cartilage, before the diaphragm ; terminates in the 

 twelfth intercostal space, and gives besides, for the seventh to tenth, the aril- 

 intercostales anterr. Anteriorly : branches for the diaphragm and mm. obliqui 

 abdominis. 



f. Epigastrica superior, smaller, passes out behind the seventh rib cartilage 

 from the chest ; passes behind and in the sheath of m. rectus as low as the 

 umbilicus, there ramifies, and anastomoses with the capillary rete of art. 

 epigastrica (inferior) ; a branch passes in the form of an arch upon the ante- 

 rior surface of process, xiphoideus. 



560. Axillaris, the Axillary artery, 



a continuation of the a. subclavia, reaches from the clavicle as far 

 as the inferior border of the m. pectoralis major, passing in the 

 oblique diameter of the axillary cavity. 



Situation : surrounded by lymphatic glands and loose uniting 

 tissue behind : m. subclavius, pectoralis major and minor, lastly, 

 m. coraco-brachialis ; before : the uniting tissue between m. sub- 

 scapular, and serratus posticus major ; farther down before m. 

 tcres major and latissimus dor si. Internally, it rests, at first, upon 

 the first rib and first intercostal space, then at a distance from the 

 thorax, and is only covered by fascia and skin ; on the outer side 

 is situated : caput humeri (m. subscapular.). 



Close under the clavicle we find ven. axillaris ,- internally, w. 

 cephalica and acromialis before art. axillaris ; plexus brachialis 

 externally, one n. thoracicus before it, farther down n. medianus 

 and cubitalis before, n. radialis behind it. We find the axillaris 

 at the superior external border of the growth of hair in the axillary 

 cavity. Branches : three thoracici, one subscapular, two circum- 

 flexce. 



561. Above the pectoralis minor : 



a. Thoracica 1. s. suprema arises from the inner side of a. axillaris; passes 

 over the superior border of m. pectoral minor downwards and inwards 

 between mm. pectoral, major and minor, and ramifies in them. Anasto- 

 moses with the sup. Intercast. 



