THE VESSELS. 325 



Artt. suprarenales superiores for the caps, suprarenales. 



5. Suprarenales medics pass before the crura of the diaphragm transversely 

 outwards (the right behind ven. cava}, and spread out upon both surfaces of 

 the suprarenal capsules. 



6. Renales, short and thick, sometimes two to four (emulgentes). Or. : at 

 a right angle close under mesenterica super., frequently deeper. Course : 

 transversely outwards and backwards to the hilus of the kidney. Position : 

 surrounded by fat, behind the peritoneum and the V. renalis, before the body 

 of the second lumbar vertebra, before the crura of the diaphragm and Psoas 

 major. The right passes behind V. cava. infer., and is also longer than the 

 left, which arises higher. Branches : 



a. Artt. suprarenales infer, for the suprarenal capsules and adipose tissue 

 (artt. adiposce). 



b. Three to six terminal branches pass through the hilus, before the renal 

 pelvis and behind the veins, and form, between the cortical and tubular 

 substance, a rete which especially supplies the cortical substance. 



7. Spermatica interna. Or. : at an acute angle from the anterior wall of the 

 aorta, under art. renalis (rarely above, rarely from this). Course : descends 

 on the inner side of V. spermat. backwards as far as the pelvis, behind the pe- 

 ritoneum, before psoas and ureter; the right obliquely before V. cava, the left 

 before the sigmoid flexure of colon. Within the pelvis, internal to psoas, be- 

 fore A. iliac, externa. 



In the male : it extends through the inguinal canal (together with Fas de- 

 ferens; and Vv. spermaticce) to the testicle and epididymis. 



In the female : very tortuous, between the layers of the lig. uteri latum 

 below the ovaria, it anastomoses with art. uterina, gives small branches to 

 lig. uteri latum and the ovary. 



8. Lumbales (three), five on either side. Origin : at a right angle from the 

 posterior circumference of aorta before the lumbar vertebrae. Course: (like 

 artt. intercostales} transversely outwards, behind the crura of the diaphragm 

 (the superior), behind m. psoas (the inferior); on the basis proc. transvers., 

 dividing into : 



a. Earn, posterior, passes with a ram. spinalis through foram. intervertebrale, 

 partly to the bodies of the vertebras, partly to the spinal marrow; with a 

 ram. dorsalis to the muscles and skin of the lumbar region. 



b. Ram. anterior, s. abdominalis, smaller, passes between quadrat, lumbor. 

 and transvers. dbdom. to the abdominal muscles; the branch of the first art. 

 lumbalis along the lower border of the twelfth rib obliquely forwards ; the 

 branches of the fifth art. lumbalis along the crista oss. ilei, supplies the abdo- 

 minal muscles, iliacus and glutai. 



574. At the inferior extremity of the Abdominal Aorta, 

 the single. 



9. Sacra media, small. Or. : close above or at the point of bifurcation from 

 the posterior wall of the aorta. Course : vertically downwards, before the 



