THE VESSELS. 341 



an inferior, under the clavicle, to V. cephalica of the upper arm ; 



farther : 



Vv. transversal colli and scapula ; from laryngea superior, and often ; 

 V. lingualis. The superficial veins upon the dorsum lingua (vv- 

 linguales) open between m. lingualis and mucous membrane in a 

 plexus lingual, superior at the basis of the tongue. From it a 

 branch accompanying the n. li-igualis passes to 



Vv. ranincs. They pass superficially beneath the tongue to the 

 side of the frenulum, accompany N. hypoglossus between m. 

 genio and hyo-glossus, are connected with plexus inferior at the 

 side of the tongue, and open in the Ven. lingualis, which takes 

 the same course as the artery (and, frequently, opens into cepha- 

 lica externa). 



594. 3. Vena subclavia, shorter than the art. subclavia. Origin : at the 

 superior border of m. serratus anticus, from v. axillaris. Termination behind 

 artic. sterno-clavic. Course: transversely inwards to the orifice of V.jugu- 

 laris interna (in the anonyma), whilst art. subclav. is curved, or arches over 

 the apex of the lung. Pos. : behind m. subclavius and clavicle, attached by 

 fascia cervicalis ; before art. subclavia (and m, scalenus anticus ;) close above 

 the first rib, beneath/ascia cervicalis and the skin. Valves are wanting. 



Branches: V. intercostalis prima dextra, generally V. jugularis externa; 

 transversa colli and scapulae. V. subclavia is a continuation of: 



1. Vena axillaris, which is placed on the inner and anterior side of atr. 

 axillaris, and consists of the two vence brachiales united together, which 

 pass deeply on both sides of art. brachialis. Branches : circumflex, 

 humeri, subscapul., thorac. extern. ; they receive the V. cephalica, whilst 

 the rest of the cutaneous veins open into vv. brachiales. The deep veins 

 of the hand and the fore-arm correspond exactly with the distribution of 

 the arteries of the same name, but are double, and anastomose together. 



2. Cutaneous veins of the arm ; they are larger than the muscular and 

 deeply-seated veins, form plexus, and are situated between the muscular 

 layers and the subcutaneous uniting tissue. Strongest on the dorsal sur- 

 face of the hand, formed by the ascending digital veins, the plexus, con- 

 cave above, sends off several branches upon the carpus, the most external 

 of which, v. cephalica pollicis, passes on the thumb ; the most internal, v. 

 salvatella, on os metacarpi V. On the arm the cutaneous veins are more 

 numerous on the flexor surface. They are : 



a. Vena cephalica s. cutanea radialis, the continuation of cephalica pol- 

 licis, passes along the outer surface of radius to the middle of it, 

 about the external border upon the anterior surface, and divides, one 

 to two inches below the bend of the arm, into the mediana and cepha- 

 lica brachii. The last passes at first on the outer border of the m. 

 biceps, then inwards to the groove between m. pectoralis maj. and 

 deltoid., where it opens (one inch below the clavicle) into the vena 



