342 SPECIAL ANATOMY. 



uxillaris ; it receives the cutaneous veins of the upper arm, shoulder, 

 and breast. 



b. Vena basilica s. cutanea ulnaris, a continuation of salvatella, passes 

 on the ulnar border and the flexor surface of the fore-arm, and unites 

 with the v. mediana (one inch to two inches and a half) above the 

 bend of the arm. When an ulnaris posterior is present, it opens 

 higher up. In the upper arm it passes on the inner border of m. bi- 

 ceps, perforates the fascia brachii, and opens into v. brachialis interna 

 or axillaris. It carries the blood of the volar side of the hand and 

 of the fore -arm. 



c. Vena mediana passes obliquely from without inwards, and from be- 

 low upwards, from v, cephalica to v. basilica, larger than either, lying 

 in the bend of the arm over the aponeurosis of tendo m. bicipit. and 

 art. brachialis. It carries the blood of the dorsal side of the hand 

 and fore-arm, and also receives branches from the volar surface and 

 the deep veins of the fore-arm. Varieties in these veins are parti- 

 cularly frequent. 



595. II. Vena azygos. 



This vein corresponds with the aorta thoracica, uniting v. cava in- 

 ferior and superior with one another. Or. : in the abdominal 

 cavity ; before the first lumbar vertebra, rarely, from the v. rena- 

 lis or v. cava inferior itself. Course ; through hiatus aorticus into 

 the thorax ; on the right side of the thoracic vertebra as high as 

 the third intercostal space ; curving over bronchus and v.pulmonal. 

 dextra forwards, it opens at the posterior part of v. cava superior 

 at its entrance into the pericardium. Situation : in the cavum 

 mediastin. posticum, before the vv. intercostales dextrce, to the 

 right of aorta and ductus thoracicus. It receives in front : v. bron- 

 chialis dextra, some vv. cesophagcce, and mediastintz; to the right 

 the eight last vv. intercostales dextrcz ; to the left v. hemiazygos 

 and the intercostales superiores sinistrcs. 



1. Vena lumbalis ascendens , the connecting ramus of the transverse vv. lum- 

 bales, ascends, curved or in a straight line ; receives a branch from ven. 

 iliaca communis, and passes into the v. azygos upon the right, into v. 

 hemiazygos upon the left side. 



2. Vena hemiazygos. Origin: from the four last vv. intercostales sinistrce 

 and v. renalis. Course : through hiatus aorticus, along the left side of 

 the vertebral column as high up as the eighth or seventh dorsal vertebra, 

 passing before them, behind ductus thoracicus and aorta, into the ven. 

 azygos. The superior (the second and third) vv. intercostales sinistres 

 generally form a trunk ^(hemiazygos superior"), which opens from above 

 downwards into hemiazygos or azygos, accordingly as it has received the 



