THE NERVES. 423 



A. The ganglionic chain, central portion, 



is divided into the cranial, cervical, thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic 

 portions. 



670. I. The Cranio-cervical portions, pars cephalica. 



The cervical portion consists of three (or four) ganglia connected 

 together by means of the trunk, is situated upon the anterior sur- 

 face of mm. rectus capit. antic, major and longus colli, surrounded 

 by loose uniting tissue, behind carotis interna and communis, v. 

 vertebralis and n. vagus (on their inner side). 



The trunk between the ganglia is white, thinner or thicker, 

 sometimes knotty and divided, descends vertically to the second 

 ganglion, behind art. thyreoid. inferior, or directly to the third 

 ganglion. 



671. 1. Ganglion cervicale supremum s. magnum is spindle- 

 shaped, fusiform, flattened, rather concave on the inner surface ; 

 gray, even ; half to one inch long, one to six lines broad, one to 

 three lines thick ; sometimes fissured at the inferior extremity, 

 and constricted (double ?). Position : generally before the proc. 

 transvers. of the second to the fourth cervical vert., before mm. 

 rectus cap. antic, major and longus capitis, posterior and internal 

 to carotis interna, n. vagus, and hypoglossus ; ten to twelve lines 

 below the introitus canal, carotid. It receives its principal roots 

 from the three first cervical nerves, some also from the fourth and 

 fifth. These enter into its posterior side, are reflected, and then 

 pass into the rami and the cord of the cervical portion. The branches 

 are : 



a. Ramus ascendens, passes off from the superior extremity, and 

 divides into an anterior and posterior branch, which together form 

 the cranial portion of the n. sympathicus. 



1. N.jugularis (r . posterior) ascends from the superior poste- 

 rior part to the foram. jugulare, and gives filaments to : 

 gangl. petrosum glosso-pharyngei / gangl. jugulare vagi ; 

 to nerv. hypoglossus. The last, generally, enter the gangl. 

 cervic. supremum in an isolated manner, and do not properly 

 go to the hypogloss., but come from it. 



2. N. caroticus (ram. anterior), ascends on the posterior and 

 internal surface of carotis interna, forming delicate plexuses, 

 and divides on the first curvature, close beneath canal caroti- 

 cus, into an external and internal branch, which pass toge- 

 ther on the outer and inner side of carotis, ascending in the 

 canal to the plexus cavernosus. In the canal arise : 



