THE HEAD. 437 



passes upon the vault of the palate, behind upon the choanas, is 

 bounded at the sides by the palate, and terminates in the palatine 

 arches ; in the centre of the inferior surface the uvula. Parts : 

 from before backwards: 1. Anterior mucous membrane. 2. Layer 

 of mucous glands. 3. Fibrous fascia of mm. tensores palati with 

 the insertions of glosso- and pharyngo-palatini. 4. Levatores 

 palati. 5. Layer of glands with azygos [levatores] uvulce. 6. 

 Posterior mucous membrane. 



c. Tonsil glands, reg. tonsillaris, lie between the palatine 

 arches, assist in forming the isthmus fauciam, and bounded ex- 

 ternally by the carotis interna, between the great cornua of the 

 hyoid bone and the angle^of the lower jaw. Parts : from within 

 outwards : 1 . Oral mucous membrane. 2. M. Glosso-palatin. 

 before, pharyngo-palat. behind the tonsils. 3. Tonsil with circul. 

 nervos. tonsillar. (from glosso-pharyng. and gangl. cervic. super.). 



4. Constrict, pharyng. super, externally. 5. Fibro-cellular tissue, 

 nerves. 6. Plexus venos. pharyng. 7. Carotis internet,, eight to 

 ten lines behind and external to the tonsils. 



The lymphatics pass into the submaxillary glands [lymphatic]. 



[Dissection. The pharynx and upper portion of the oesophagus, the larynx 

 and upper rings of the trachea with the surrounding soft parts, the bones of 

 the face, and the anterior half of those of the cranium, are to be removed 

 from the subject. The section of the bones of the basis cranii must be made 

 posterior to the roots of the styloid processes of the temporal bones, and 

 through the basilar portion of the occipital, between the origins of the supe- 

 rior and middle constrictor muscles of the pharynx, before, and the insertion 

 of the rectus anticus major muscle, behind. After dissecting the pharyngeal 

 muscles by removing the cellular tissue about them, a vertical division of 

 them should be made through the raphe in the middle line behind. The pos- 

 terior wall of the pharynx being now turned aside, the parts described under 



5. and 6., a, b, c, may be examined after inspection and removal of the mu- 

 cous membrane. TRANS.] 



d. Malar region, reg. malaris. Over the malar bone the skin 

 is very delicate and rich in blood-vessels ; under it fibres orbicul. 

 palpebr. ; under these the zygomatici ; behind, art. transv . faciei ; 

 below, rami zygomat. n. facialis Pars masseterica. 1. Skin 

 and much fat. 2. The anterior border of parotis and rami buc- 

 cales n. facial., ductus Stenonianus, behind from 8 to 9'", in front 

 4'" below the zygomatic bone (with art. transv.fac. on its superior 

 margin), its opening in the region of the first and second molar 

 teeth, 4'" before the masseter m. 3. M. masseter. 4. Lower 

 jaw; in the incisura sigmoid: the deep vessels and nerves of the 



