444 TOPOGRAPHICAL ANATOMY. 



and left by pleura and the lungs. Directed towards the left and 

 downwards, this space is broad above, and especially below, in the 

 centre very narrow, also X-shaped. In the centre at the posterior 

 third lie the roots of the lungs. 



a. Inferior half corresponds to the inferior of the sternum. Parts : 

 1. Loose, fibro-cellular containing adipose tissue. 2. Anterior part 

 of the pericardium. 3. Heart, origin of the great arteries, termi- 

 nation of ven. cava super. 4. Vv. pulmonales ; and post, part of 

 pericardium. 5. Lymphatic glands and oesophagus (in the central 

 line) surrounded by plex. nerv. cesophag. 6. Aorta descend, to 

 the left ; ven. azygos to the right ; duct, thorac. in the centre and 

 behind. 7. Fibro-cellular containing adipose tissue, in which are 

 nn. splanchnici, artt. and vv. inter costales. 8. Dorsal vertebrae. 



b. Superior half, behind the superior half of the sternum. Parts : 

 1. Loose fibro-cellular tissue, containing adipose (thymus gland) 

 with small branches of mammary artery. 2. Above : v.subclavia 

 sinistra ; most superior part of the pericardium, below. 3. Trun- 

 CKS anonym, and v. cava superior, in front ; termination of art. 

 pulmonalis, lig. arteriosum, arcus aorta (with n. recurrens) ; 

 carotis and art. subclavia sinistra (with n. vagus and phrenicus) 

 to the left ; curve of ven. azygos (with n. vagus and phrenic.) to 

 the right. 4. In the middle line: termination of the trachea (left 

 n. recurrens) ; under that a rhombic space between the two bronchi 

 and rami art. pulmonal. ; in which are lymphatic glands. 5. 

 (Esophagus, behind bronchus sinistra. 6. Duct, thoracic, behind 

 the oesophagus. 7. Loose Jibro-cellular tissue with the superior 

 intercostal vessels. 8. Extremity of m. long, colli. 9. Dors, 

 vert. 



c. Roots of the lungs, above the centre and in the posterior 

 third. Parts : 1. The pulmonary veins, two on a side. 2. Ramus 

 art. pulmonal. 3. Bronchus, covered before by plex. pulmonal. 

 anter., behind by n. vagus and plex. pulmon. posterior. They 

 divide the anterior from the posterior mediastinum and n. phrenic. 

 from vagus. 



2. Lateral parts. The lungs invested by the pleura pulmonalis. 



696. Abdomen, Venter. 



1. Reg. epigastrica, extends from the termination of the ster- 

 num and the eighth rib as far as the inferior border of the twelfth, 

 and to about the breadth of two fingers above the navel. A cen- 

 tral and two lateral portions are described. 



a. Epigastrium, scrobiculus cordis, gastric fossa, that is, the 

 triangular, central part between sternum and the cartilages of the 

 six last ribs. Behind the delicate, sensitive skin, thefasc. superfic. 



