446 TOPOGRAPHICAL ANATOMY. 



thorax. 3. M. obliq. externus ; behind a small piece of latissim. 

 dorsi. 4. Fasc. lumbo-dorsalis. 5. M. obliq. internus, covered 

 hefore by m. obliq. extern. 6. Areolar tissue, with branches of 

 vasa circumflexa iUi and n. ileo-hypogastric. 7. M. transversus. 

 In the centre of the space between navel and spina ilei ant. supe- 

 rior, one is equally far removed from artt. epigastrica, circumflexa 

 ilei, and lumbales. 



In the abdomen are situated : 1. The great omentum. 2. Colon 

 transversum (separated from the reg. epigastrica by mesocolon 

 transvers.) ; the small intestines. 3. Mesenterium. At the sides, 

 behind some of the convolutions of the small intestines : 1. Colon 

 ascend, and descendens. 2. Kidneys and ureters in a considerable 

 quantity of adipose tissue. 



698. 3. Lumbar regions, regio lumbalis, lie right and left of 

 the fine lumbar vertebrae, present in the centre a groove (with 

 proc. spinosi) formed by the projecting mm. iko-lumbalis and Ion- 

 giss. dorsi; are bounded below by crista iliaca and spina poste- 

 rior. Parts: 1. Skin. 2. Condensed areolar tissue. 3. Fasc. 

 lumbo-dorsal. (posterior layer). 4. M. ileo-lumbar. and longissim. 

 dorsi. 5. Fasc. lumbo-dorsal. (anterior layer). 6. M. quadratus 

 lumb., which forms the most posterior portion of the abdominal 

 walls. On the convex anterior surfaces of the lumbar vertebrae : 

 1. Crura diaphragmatis ; right, ven, cava ; left, aorta; exter- 

 nally, nerv. sympathicus ; above, the commencement of duct, tho- 

 racicus and of ven. azygos. 2. Lymphatic glands and areolar 

 tissue, which are connected with those of the mesenterium. Late- 

 rally : m. psoas ; plexus lumbalis ; and 2 to 3" below the last rib, 

 the kidneys, in adipose tissue. To reach the abdominal aorta it 

 is not necessary to open the peritoneum ; between m. psoas, quad- 

 ratus lumborum, and peritoneum we find areolar with abundance 

 of adipose tissue. 



699. 4. Inferior abdominal region, regio hypogastrica, extends 

 from a transverse line, between the two spince ilei, as far down- 

 wards as the bones of the pubes. 



Parts: 1. Skin (with pubic hairs). 2. Areolar tissue (fasc. su- 

 perfic.) over the pubes, thick and rich in adipose tissue, with art. 

 epigastric, superf. 3. M. pyramidalis, rectus in its sheath ; lig. 

 triangulare. 4. Mm. obliq. and transv. 5. Fasc. transv., be- 

 longing to the inferior fourth of m. rectus, immediately adjacent to 

 which is the peritoneum. 6. Art. and ven. epigastrica ; Urachus ; 

 artt. umbilicaks and the superior third of the urinary bladder. 7. 



